NR 509 Final(Latest Exam 2024)
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________
rather than testosterone - correct
answers✅psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes,
especially if - correct answers✅early morning erection
is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased
blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system, impaired
neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal
masses should do when the arm - correct
answers✅may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues
(may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are
lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - correct
answers✅very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted
during ________ - correct answers✅BSE
Breast stage 1 - correct answers✅preadolescent-
elevation of nipple only
,NR 509 Final(Latest Exam 2024)
Breast stage 2 - correct answers✅breast bud stage-
elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound;
enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - correct answers✅further enlargement
of elevation of breast and areola, with no separation of
their contours
breast stage 4 - correct answers✅projection of areola
and nipple to form a secondary mound above the level of
breast
breast stage 5 - correct answers✅mature stage-
projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general
contour of the breast (although in some individuals the
areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute -
correct answers✅epigastric, may radiation straight to
the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe
sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic -
correct answers✅epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - correct
answers✅Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal
, NR 509 Final(Latest Exam 2024)
shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates
water and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - correct answers✅the urethral
sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in intra-
abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels
that exceed urethral resistance. Causes include childbirth
and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - correct answers✅detrusor
contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the
normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small.
Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor
contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and
lesions of the spinal cord above sacral level. Also
hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder
infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of
voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low
bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - correct answers✅detrusor
contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is
typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to void.
Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or
tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle associated with
peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder
Know that in a 47-year-old man ED is usually ___________
rather than testosterone - correct
answers✅psychologic
Erectile dysfunction may be from psychogenic causes,
especially if - correct answers✅early morning erection
is preserved.
it may also reflect decreased testosterone, decreased
blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system, impaired
neural innervation, and diabetes
When performing a breast exam, know what abnormal
masses should do when the arm - correct
answers✅may be fixed to skin or underlying tissues
(may cause dimpling of skin or retraction when arms are
lifted over head or hands are pressed against hips)
Fibroadenoma and cysts mobility - correct
answers✅very mobile/mobile
Know that a high proportion of breast masses are noted
during ________ - correct answers✅BSE
Breast stage 1 - correct answers✅preadolescent-
elevation of nipple only
,NR 509 Final(Latest Exam 2024)
Breast stage 2 - correct answers✅breast bud stage-
elevation of breast and nipple as a small mound;
enlargement of areolar diameter
breast stage 3 - correct answers✅further enlargement
of elevation of breast and areola, with no separation of
their contours
breast stage 4 - correct answers✅projection of areola
and nipple to form a secondary mound above the level of
breast
breast stage 5 - correct answers✅mature stage-
projection of nipple only; areola has receded to general
contour of the breast (although in some individuals the
areola continues to form a secondary mound)
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: acute -
correct answers✅epigastric, may radiation straight to
the back of other areas of the abdomen; 20% with severe
sequelae of organ failure
Know where pain is located with pancreatitis: chronic -
correct answers✅epigastric, radiating to back
Know how hepatitis A is transmitted - correct
answers✅Transmitted through fecal-oral route. Fecal
, NR 509 Final(Latest Exam 2024)
shedding followed by poor handwashing contaminates
water and foods leading to infection of household and
sexual contacts
Stress incontinence - correct answers✅the urethral
sphincter is weakened so that transient increases in intra-
abdominal pressure raise the bladder pressure to levels
that exceed urethral resistance. Causes include childbirth
and surgery, postmenopausal atrophy of the mucosa, and
urethral infection. May follow prostate surgery in men.
urge incontinence - correct answers✅detrusor
contractions are stronger than normal and overcome the
normal urethral resistance. The bladder is typically small.
Mechanisms: Decreased cortical inhibition of detrusor
contractions from stroke, brain tumor, dementia, and
lesions of the spinal cord above sacral level. Also
hyperexcitability of sensory pathways ie: bladder
infections, tumors, and fecal impaction. Deconditioning of
voiding reflexes ie: frequent voluntary voiding at low
bladder volumes.
overflow incontinence - correct answers✅detrusor
contractions are insufficient to overcome urethral
resistance, causing urinary retention. The bladder is
typically flaccid and large, even after an effort to void.
Mechanisms: obstruction of the bladder outlet ie: BPH or
tumor. Weakness of the detrusor muscle associated with
peripheral nerve disease at S2-4 level. Impaired bladder
