INGLESE
Past Perfect:
-Subject + had + past participle
We use the past perfect to talk about the past before the past. it corresponds to the italian: trapassato.
we use it:
for a past event that happened before another past event.
for an action finished before a specific time period in the past.
-with the past simple we use it to:
clarify the sequence of two actions
combine two sentences about the past
.the past perfect is for the earlier action
.the past simple is for the later action
-signal words:
past perfect: after, as soon as, just, already, after: it was the first time…
past simple: before, when, by the time
Third conditional:
-the condition is formed with:
if + subject + had + past participle
-the result is formed with:
subject + would/may/might/could + have + past participle
we use it to talk about:
hypothetical situation in the past that didn't happen
and to express regret for past actions.
expressing disapproval and regret in the past:
to express disapproval or criticism for a past action that didn’t happen
or to express regret for a past action
we use:
Should/ n't + have + past participle
ought to/ not to + have + past participle
The gerund:
we use the gerund form when:
-we use a verbs as a noun
-after a preposition following a verb or adjective (be interested in, be good at)
-after preposition like: like, instead of, without, after, before, besides
-after expressions like: there’s no point in, be busy, it’s no use
-to replace subordinate clauses that have the same subject as the main clause, they can be introduce by:
after, before, since, when, while
-after certain verbs like: like, hate, love, enjoy, avoid, can’t stand, finish, go on.
The infinitive:
we use the infinitive:
-to express purpose
-to say why we do something
-after: too and enought
-after: how, what, who, when, where, whether
-after verbs like: decide, help, hope, learn. offer, pretend, promise, choose, want, would like, refuse.
*start: with infinitive or gerund
*remember and forget: infinitive- something we “have to do” / gerund- something we did in the past
*try: infinitive- something that’s difficult / gerund- experimenting with something
*stop: infinitive of purpose / gerund- it acts upon another verb.
Past Perfect:
-Subject + had + past participle
We use the past perfect to talk about the past before the past. it corresponds to the italian: trapassato.
we use it:
for a past event that happened before another past event.
for an action finished before a specific time period in the past.
-with the past simple we use it to:
clarify the sequence of two actions
combine two sentences about the past
.the past perfect is for the earlier action
.the past simple is for the later action
-signal words:
past perfect: after, as soon as, just, already, after: it was the first time…
past simple: before, when, by the time
Third conditional:
-the condition is formed with:
if + subject + had + past participle
-the result is formed with:
subject + would/may/might/could + have + past participle
we use it to talk about:
hypothetical situation in the past that didn't happen
and to express regret for past actions.
expressing disapproval and regret in the past:
to express disapproval or criticism for a past action that didn’t happen
or to express regret for a past action
we use:
Should/ n't + have + past participle
ought to/ not to + have + past participle
The gerund:
we use the gerund form when:
-we use a verbs as a noun
-after a preposition following a verb or adjective (be interested in, be good at)
-after preposition like: like, instead of, without, after, before, besides
-after expressions like: there’s no point in, be busy, it’s no use
-to replace subordinate clauses that have the same subject as the main clause, they can be introduce by:
after, before, since, when, while
-after certain verbs like: like, hate, love, enjoy, avoid, can’t stand, finish, go on.
The infinitive:
we use the infinitive:
-to express purpose
-to say why we do something
-after: too and enought
-after: how, what, who, when, where, whether
-after verbs like: decide, help, hope, learn. offer, pretend, promise, choose, want, would like, refuse.
*start: with infinitive or gerund
*remember and forget: infinitive- something we “have to do” / gerund- something we did in the past
*try: infinitive- something that’s difficult / gerund- experimenting with something
*stop: infinitive of purpose / gerund- it acts upon another verb.
