Mastering Biology notes
Neuroplasticity: brains develop and grow with effort and challenges
Growth mindset improves performance
Unit 40: The Animal Body
Animal tissues
Types of connective tissues
Types of epithelial tissue
Thermoregulation
High body temp => vasodilation (more heat loss to the env) => body temp decreases
Low body temp => vasoconstriction (less heat loss to the env) => body temp increases
e.g. of negative feedback
Negative feedback: reducing stimulus to maintain homeostasis
Positive feedback: amplify a response
, Countercurrent heat exchange
Adaptation in mammals, regulate heat loss and gain
In cool env, heat retention. e.g. sperm
Ectotherm: gain heat from environment
Endotherm: generate heat
Homeotherm: keep body temp constant (homeostasis)
Poikilotherm: allow temp to fluctuate
Humans: homeo + endo (‘warm blooded’)
Energy expenditures
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
- Thermoregulation
- Activity
- Growth
If ectotherm, thermoregulation doesn’t require energy
Small animals lose heat faster. High SA:Vol ratio
Neuroplasticity: brains develop and grow with effort and challenges
Growth mindset improves performance
Unit 40: The Animal Body
Animal tissues
Types of connective tissues
Types of epithelial tissue
Thermoregulation
High body temp => vasodilation (more heat loss to the env) => body temp decreases
Low body temp => vasoconstriction (less heat loss to the env) => body temp increases
e.g. of negative feedback
Negative feedback: reducing stimulus to maintain homeostasis
Positive feedback: amplify a response
, Countercurrent heat exchange
Adaptation in mammals, regulate heat loss and gain
In cool env, heat retention. e.g. sperm
Ectotherm: gain heat from environment
Endotherm: generate heat
Homeotherm: keep body temp constant (homeostasis)
Poikilotherm: allow temp to fluctuate
Humans: homeo + endo (‘warm blooded’)
Energy expenditures
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
- Thermoregulation
- Activity
- Growth
If ectotherm, thermoregulation doesn’t require energy
Small animals lose heat faster. High SA:Vol ratio
