Test Bank For Foundations of Nursing, 9th Edition (Cooper,
2023) Chapter 1- / All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
1. The nurse is applying for a position with a home care organization that specializes in spinal cord
injury. In which type of health care facility does the nurse want to work?
a. Secondary acute
b. Continuing
c. Restorative
d. Tertiary - ANSWER: ANS: C
Patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness or disability often require additional services
(restorative care) to return to their previous level of function or reach a new level of function limited
by their illness or disability. Restorative care includes cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation,
sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, and home care. Secondary acute care involves
emergency care, acute medical-surgical care, and radiological procedures. Continuing care involves
assisted living, psychiatric care, and older-adult day care. Tertiary care includes intensive care and
subacute care.
2. A nurse provides immunization to children and adults through the public health department. Which
type of health care is the nurse providing?
a. Primary care
b. Preventive care
c. Restorative care
d. Continuing care - ANSWER: ANS: B
Preventive care includes immunizations, screenings, counseling, crisis prevention, and community
safety legislation. Primary care is health promotion that includes prenatal and well-baby care,
nutrition counseling, family planning, and exercise classes. Restorative care includes rehabilitation,
sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, and home care. Continuing care is assisted living and
psychiatric care and older-adult day care.
3. The nurse is trying to determine risk factors unique to home care patients. What resource should
the nurse access?
a. Pew Health Professions Commission
b. The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)
c. American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Recognition Program
d. Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) - ANSWER: ANS:
B
OASIS (the Outcome and Assessment Information Set), includes a group of standardized core
assessment items for an adult home care patient. OASIS forms the basis for measuring patient
outcomes for the purposes of outcome-based quality. Data items within OASIS include socio-
demographic, environmental, support system, health status, functional status, and health service
utilization characteristics of a patient (ResDac, 2016). The OASIS assessment tool was designed to
gather the data items needed to measure both outcomes and patient risk factors in the home setting.
The Pew Health Professions Commission, a national and interdisciplinary group of health care leaders,
recommended 21 competencies for health care professionals in the twenty-first century. The Hospital
Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a standardized survey
developed to measure patient perceptions of their hospital experience. The Magnet Recognition
Program recognizes health care organizations that achieve excellence in nursing practice.
4. An older-adult patient has extensive wound care needs after discharge from the hospital. Which
facility should the nurse discuss with the patient?
a. Hospice
b. Respite care
c. Assisted living
d. Skilled nursing - ANSWER: ANS: D
,An intermediate care or skilled nursing facility offers skilled care from a licensed nursing staff. This
often includes administration of IV fluids, wound care, long-term ventilator management, and physical
rehabilitation. A hospice is a system of family-centered care that allows patients to live with comfort,
independence, and dignity while easing the pains of terminal illness. Respite care is a service that
provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill,
disabled, or frail. Assisted living offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment more
like home and greater resident autonomy.
5. A nurse is using research findings to improve clinical practice. Which technique is the nurse using?
a. Performance scores
b. Integrated delivery networks
c. Nursing-sensitive outcomes
d. Utilization review committees - ANSWER: ANS: A
Performance improvement activities are typically clinical projects conceived in response to identified
clinical problems and designed to use research findings to improve clinical practice by applying earned
scores. Larger health care systems have integrated delivery networks (IDNs) that include a network of
facilities, providers, and services organized to deliver a continuum of care to a population of patients
at a capitated cost in a particular setting. Nursing-sensitive outcomes are patient outcomes and
nursing workforce characteristics that are directly related to nursing care such as changes in patients'
symptom experiences, functional status, safety, psychological distress, registered nurse (RN) job
satisfaction, total nursing hours per patient day, and costs. Medicare-qualified hospitals had
physician-supervised utilization review (UR) committees to review the admissions and to identify and
eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by physicians caring for patients on
Medicare.
6. A nurse hears a co-worker state that anybody could be a nurse since it is so automated with
infusion devices and electronic monitoring; technology is doing the work. What is the nurse's best
response?
a. "Technology use has to be combined with nursing judgment."
b. "The focus of effective nursing care is technology."
c. "If it's so easy, why don't you do it?"
d. "That is true in the twentieth century." - ANSWER: ANS: A
In many ways, technology makes work easier, but it does not replace nursing judgment. Technology
does not replace your critical eye and clinical judgment. Most importantly, it is essential to remember
that the focus of nursing care is not the machine or the technology; it is the patient. Using "why" is
not beneficial when communicating with others. Agreeing with the statement furthers
misconceptions.
7. A nurse is completing a minimum data set. Which area is the nurse working?
a. Nursing center
b. Psychiatric facility
c. Rehabilitation center
d. Adult day care center - ANSWER: ANS: A
Nurses who work in a nursing center (nursing home or nursing facility) are required to complete a
minimum data set on each patient. Minimum data set is not needed for psychiatric, rehabilitation, or
adult day care centers. Patients who suffer emotional and behavioral problems such as depression,
violent behavior, and eating disorders often require special counseling and treatment in psychiatric
facilities. Rehabilitation restores a person to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and
economic potential possible. Patients require rehabilitation after a physical or mental illness, injury, or
chemical addiction. Adult day care centers provide a variety of health and social services to specific
patient populations who live alone or with family in the community. Services offered during the day
allow family members to maintain their lifestyles and employment and still provide home care for
their relatives.
8. The nurse is preparing a smoking cessation class for family members of patients with lung cancer.
The nurse believes that the class will convert many smokers to nonsmokers once they realize the
benefits of not smoking. Which health care model is the nurse following?
,a. Health belief model
b. Holistic health model
c. Health promotion model
d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER: ANS: A
The health belief model addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. The
holistic health model recognizes the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporates
complementary and alternative interventions such as music therapy. The health promotion model
focuses on the following three areas: (1) individual characteristics and experiences, (2) behavior-
specific knowledge and affect, and (3) behavioral outcomes, in which the patient commits to or
changes a behavior. Maslow's' hierarchy of needs is based on the theory that all people share basic
human needs, and the extent to which basic needs are met is a major factor in determining a person's
level of health.
9. The nurse is working on a committee to evaluate the need for increasing the levels of fluoride in the
drinking water of the community. Which concept is the nurse fostering?
a. Illness prevention
b. Wellness education
c. Active health promotion
d. Passive health promotion - ANSWER: ANS: D
Fluoridation of municipal drinking water and fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D are
examples of passive health promotion strategies. With active strategies of health promotion,
individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs such as weight reduction and smoking
cessation programs. Illness prevention activities such as immunization programs protect patients from
actual or potential threats to health. Wellness education teaches people how to care for themselves
in a healthy way.
10. The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations.
Which type of preventive care is the nurse providing?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Risk factor prevention - ANSWER: ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically
and emotionally healthy. Primary prevention includes health education programs, immunizations, and
physical and nutritional fitness activities. Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are
experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or
worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the
effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications
and deterioration. While risk factor modification is an integral component of health promotion, it is
not a type of preventive care.
11. The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with
reports of chest discomfort and shortness of breath. The patient is placed on oxygen, has labs and
blood gases drawn, and is given an electrocardiogram and breathing treatments. Which level of
preventive care is this patient receiving?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Health promotion - ANSWER: ANS: B
Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and
who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at
diagnosis and prompt intervention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied
to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education
programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities for healthy people. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the
, effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications
and deterioration.
12. A patient diagnosed with chronic emphysema (lung disease) states "I would be better off dead."
The nurse learns that the patient, has recently become unemployed because of oxygen dependency.
The patient's spouse will have to go to work to support the family. Which action should the nurse
take?
a. Develop a plan of care for the family.
b. Contact psychiatric services for a referral.
c. Assure the patient that things will work out.
d. Focus the plan of care solely on maximizing patient function. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Because of the effects of chronic illness, family dynamics often change. The nurse must view the
whole family as a patient under stress, planning care to help the family regain its maximal level of
functioning and well-being. Psychiatric services may be a part of that plan but do not represent the
entire plan. Offering false assurance is never acceptable. Focusing only on the patient will not help the
family adjust.
13. A nurse is caring for an immigrant with low income. Which information should the nurse consider
when planning care for this patient?
a. There is a decreased frequency of morbidity.
b. There is an increased incidence of disease.
c. There is an increased level of health.
d. There is a decreased mortality rate. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Populations with health disparities (immigrant with low income) have a significantly increased
incidence of disease or increased morbidity and mortality when compared with the general
population. Although Americans' health overall has improved during the past few decades, the health
of members of marginalized groups has actually declined.
14. A nurse is assessing the health care disparities among population groups. Which area is the nurse
monitoring?
a. Accessibility of health care services
b. Outcomes of health conditions
c. Prevalence of complications
d. Incidence of diseases - ANSWER: ANS: A
While health disparities are the differences among populations in the incidence, prevalence, and
outcomes of health conditions, diseases and related complications, health care disparities are
differences among populations in the availability, accessibility, and quality of health care services
(e.g., screening, diagnostic, treatment, management, and rehabilitation) aimed at prevention,
treatment, and management of diseases and their complications.
15. A nurse is providing care to a patient from a different culture. Which action by the nurse indicates
cultural competence?
a. Communicates effectively in a multicultural context.
b. Effectively provides for multifaceted healthcare needs.
c. Visits a foreign country.
d. Speaks a different language. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Cultural competence refers to a developmental process that evolves over time that impacts ability to
effectively function in the multifaceted context. Communicates effectively and speaking a different
language indicates linguistic competence. Visiting a foreign country does not indicate cultural
competence.
16. A nurse is beginning to use patient-centered care and cultural competence to improve nursing
care. Which step should the nurse take first?
a. Assessing own biases and attitude
b. Learning about the world view of others
c. Understanding organizational forces
d. Developing cultural skills - ANSWER: ANS: A
2023) Chapter 1- / All Chapters with
Answers and Rationals
1. The nurse is applying for a position with a home care organization that specializes in spinal cord
injury. In which type of health care facility does the nurse want to work?
a. Secondary acute
b. Continuing
c. Restorative
d. Tertiary - ANSWER: ANS: C
Patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness or disability often require additional services
(restorative care) to return to their previous level of function or reach a new level of function limited
by their illness or disability. Restorative care includes cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation,
sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, and home care. Secondary acute care involves
emergency care, acute medical-surgical care, and radiological procedures. Continuing care involves
assisted living, psychiatric care, and older-adult day care. Tertiary care includes intensive care and
subacute care.
2. A nurse provides immunization to children and adults through the public health department. Which
type of health care is the nurse providing?
a. Primary care
b. Preventive care
c. Restorative care
d. Continuing care - ANSWER: ANS: B
Preventive care includes immunizations, screenings, counseling, crisis prevention, and community
safety legislation. Primary care is health promotion that includes prenatal and well-baby care,
nutrition counseling, family planning, and exercise classes. Restorative care includes rehabilitation,
sports medicine, spinal cord injury programs, and home care. Continuing care is assisted living and
psychiatric care and older-adult day care.
3. The nurse is trying to determine risk factors unique to home care patients. What resource should
the nurse access?
a. Pew Health Professions Commission
b. The Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS)
c. American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Recognition Program
d. Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) - ANSWER: ANS:
B
OASIS (the Outcome and Assessment Information Set), includes a group of standardized core
assessment items for an adult home care patient. OASIS forms the basis for measuring patient
outcomes for the purposes of outcome-based quality. Data items within OASIS include socio-
demographic, environmental, support system, health status, functional status, and health service
utilization characteristics of a patient (ResDac, 2016). The OASIS assessment tool was designed to
gather the data items needed to measure both outcomes and patient risk factors in the home setting.
The Pew Health Professions Commission, a national and interdisciplinary group of health care leaders,
recommended 21 competencies for health care professionals in the twenty-first century. The Hospital
Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a standardized survey
developed to measure patient perceptions of their hospital experience. The Magnet Recognition
Program recognizes health care organizations that achieve excellence in nursing practice.
4. An older-adult patient has extensive wound care needs after discharge from the hospital. Which
facility should the nurse discuss with the patient?
a. Hospice
b. Respite care
c. Assisted living
d. Skilled nursing - ANSWER: ANS: D
,An intermediate care or skilled nursing facility offers skilled care from a licensed nursing staff. This
often includes administration of IV fluids, wound care, long-term ventilator management, and physical
rehabilitation. A hospice is a system of family-centered care that allows patients to live with comfort,
independence, and dignity while easing the pains of terminal illness. Respite care is a service that
provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill,
disabled, or frail. Assisted living offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment more
like home and greater resident autonomy.
5. A nurse is using research findings to improve clinical practice. Which technique is the nurse using?
a. Performance scores
b. Integrated delivery networks
c. Nursing-sensitive outcomes
d. Utilization review committees - ANSWER: ANS: A
Performance improvement activities are typically clinical projects conceived in response to identified
clinical problems and designed to use research findings to improve clinical practice by applying earned
scores. Larger health care systems have integrated delivery networks (IDNs) that include a network of
facilities, providers, and services organized to deliver a continuum of care to a population of patients
at a capitated cost in a particular setting. Nursing-sensitive outcomes are patient outcomes and
nursing workforce characteristics that are directly related to nursing care such as changes in patients'
symptom experiences, functional status, safety, psychological distress, registered nurse (RN) job
satisfaction, total nursing hours per patient day, and costs. Medicare-qualified hospitals had
physician-supervised utilization review (UR) committees to review the admissions and to identify and
eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services ordered by physicians caring for patients on
Medicare.
6. A nurse hears a co-worker state that anybody could be a nurse since it is so automated with
infusion devices and electronic monitoring; technology is doing the work. What is the nurse's best
response?
a. "Technology use has to be combined with nursing judgment."
b. "The focus of effective nursing care is technology."
c. "If it's so easy, why don't you do it?"
d. "That is true in the twentieth century." - ANSWER: ANS: A
In many ways, technology makes work easier, but it does not replace nursing judgment. Technology
does not replace your critical eye and clinical judgment. Most importantly, it is essential to remember
that the focus of nursing care is not the machine or the technology; it is the patient. Using "why" is
not beneficial when communicating with others. Agreeing with the statement furthers
misconceptions.
7. A nurse is completing a minimum data set. Which area is the nurse working?
a. Nursing center
b. Psychiatric facility
c. Rehabilitation center
d. Adult day care center - ANSWER: ANS: A
Nurses who work in a nursing center (nursing home or nursing facility) are required to complete a
minimum data set on each patient. Minimum data set is not needed for psychiatric, rehabilitation, or
adult day care centers. Patients who suffer emotional and behavioral problems such as depression,
violent behavior, and eating disorders often require special counseling and treatment in psychiatric
facilities. Rehabilitation restores a person to the fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, and
economic potential possible. Patients require rehabilitation after a physical or mental illness, injury, or
chemical addiction. Adult day care centers provide a variety of health and social services to specific
patient populations who live alone or with family in the community. Services offered during the day
allow family members to maintain their lifestyles and employment and still provide home care for
their relatives.
8. The nurse is preparing a smoking cessation class for family members of patients with lung cancer.
The nurse believes that the class will convert many smokers to nonsmokers once they realize the
benefits of not smoking. Which health care model is the nurse following?
,a. Health belief model
b. Holistic health model
c. Health promotion model
d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - ANSWER: ANS: A
The health belief model addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors. The
holistic health model recognizes the natural healing abilities of the body and incorporates
complementary and alternative interventions such as music therapy. The health promotion model
focuses on the following three areas: (1) individual characteristics and experiences, (2) behavior-
specific knowledge and affect, and (3) behavioral outcomes, in which the patient commits to or
changes a behavior. Maslow's' hierarchy of needs is based on the theory that all people share basic
human needs, and the extent to which basic needs are met is a major factor in determining a person's
level of health.
9. The nurse is working on a committee to evaluate the need for increasing the levels of fluoride in the
drinking water of the community. Which concept is the nurse fostering?
a. Illness prevention
b. Wellness education
c. Active health promotion
d. Passive health promotion - ANSWER: ANS: D
Fluoridation of municipal drinking water and fortification of homogenized milk with vitamin D are
examples of passive health promotion strategies. With active strategies of health promotion,
individuals are motivated to adopt specific health programs such as weight reduction and smoking
cessation programs. Illness prevention activities such as immunization programs protect patients from
actual or potential threats to health. Wellness education teaches people how to care for themselves
in a healthy way.
10. The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations.
Which type of preventive care is the nurse providing?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Risk factor prevention - ANSWER: ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to people considered physically
and emotionally healthy. Primary prevention includes health education programs, immunizations, and
physical and nutritional fitness activities. Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are
experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or
worsening conditions. Activities are directed at diagnosis and prompt intervention. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the
effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications
and deterioration. While risk factor modification is an integral component of health promotion, it is
not a type of preventive care.
11. The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with
reports of chest discomfort and shortness of breath. The patient is placed on oxygen, has labs and
blood gases drawn, and is given an electrocardiogram and breathing treatments. Which level of
preventive care is this patient receiving?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. Health promotion - ANSWER: ANS: B
Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and
who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. Activities are directed at
diagnosis and prompt intervention. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied
to people considered physically and emotionally healthy. Health promotion includes health education
programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities for healthy people. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves minimizing the
, effects of long-term disease or disability through interventions directed at preventing complications
and deterioration.
12. A patient diagnosed with chronic emphysema (lung disease) states "I would be better off dead."
The nurse learns that the patient, has recently become unemployed because of oxygen dependency.
The patient's spouse will have to go to work to support the family. Which action should the nurse
take?
a. Develop a plan of care for the family.
b. Contact psychiatric services for a referral.
c. Assure the patient that things will work out.
d. Focus the plan of care solely on maximizing patient function. - ANSWER: ANS: A
Because of the effects of chronic illness, family dynamics often change. The nurse must view the
whole family as a patient under stress, planning care to help the family regain its maximal level of
functioning and well-being. Psychiatric services may be a part of that plan but do not represent the
entire plan. Offering false assurance is never acceptable. Focusing only on the patient will not help the
family adjust.
13. A nurse is caring for an immigrant with low income. Which information should the nurse consider
when planning care for this patient?
a. There is a decreased frequency of morbidity.
b. There is an increased incidence of disease.
c. There is an increased level of health.
d. There is a decreased mortality rate. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Populations with health disparities (immigrant with low income) have a significantly increased
incidence of disease or increased morbidity and mortality when compared with the general
population. Although Americans' health overall has improved during the past few decades, the health
of members of marginalized groups has actually declined.
14. A nurse is assessing the health care disparities among population groups. Which area is the nurse
monitoring?
a. Accessibility of health care services
b. Outcomes of health conditions
c. Prevalence of complications
d. Incidence of diseases - ANSWER: ANS: A
While health disparities are the differences among populations in the incidence, prevalence, and
outcomes of health conditions, diseases and related complications, health care disparities are
differences among populations in the availability, accessibility, and quality of health care services
(e.g., screening, diagnostic, treatment, management, and rehabilitation) aimed at prevention,
treatment, and management of diseases and their complications.
15. A nurse is providing care to a patient from a different culture. Which action by the nurse indicates
cultural competence?
a. Communicates effectively in a multicultural context.
b. Effectively provides for multifaceted healthcare needs.
c. Visits a foreign country.
d. Speaks a different language. - ANSWER: ANS: B
Cultural competence refers to a developmental process that evolves over time that impacts ability to
effectively function in the multifaceted context. Communicates effectively and speaking a different
language indicates linguistic competence. Visiting a foreign country does not indicate cultural
competence.
16. A nurse is beginning to use patient-centered care and cultural competence to improve nursing
care. Which step should the nurse take first?
a. Assessing own biases and attitude
b. Learning about the world view of others
c. Understanding organizational forces
d. Developing cultural skills - ANSWER: ANS: A
