Test Bank for Karchs Focus on Nursing Pharmacology 9th
Edition by Rebecca Tucker 9781975180409 Chapter 1-60 All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
aerobic - ANSWER: bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival
anaerobic - ANSWER: bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often
seen when blood flow is cut off to an area of the body
antibiotic - ANSWER: chemical that is able to inhibit the growth of specific
bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria
gram-negative - ANSWER: bacteria that accept a negative stain and are
frequently associated with infections of the genitourinary or GI tract
gram-positive - ANSWER: bacteria that take a positive stain and are frequently associated with
infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues
synergistic - ANSWER: drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Prototype of Aminoglycosides - ANSWER: Gentamicin
Indications of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Treatment of serious infections caused by
susceptible bacteria.
Actions of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-
negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing cell death.
Adverse Effects of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Sinusitis, dizziness, rash, fever, risk of !nephrotoxicity and
hearing loss (ototoxicity)!
Prototype of Carbapenems - ANSWER: Ertapenem
Indications of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: New class of bactericidal, broad-spectrum antibiotics
Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, complicated genitourinary infections, complicated
intra-abdominal infections, skin and skin- structure infections, and acute pelvic infections caused by
susceptible bacteria
Actions of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-
positive and gram-negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing
cell death.
Adverse Effects of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: Toxic effects on the GI tract can limit the use -
pseudomembranous colitis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, nephrotoxicity and N/V leading to
dehydration and electrolyte imbalances are the most significant AEs
Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pseudomembranous colitis, rash, pain at injection site.
, Prototype of Cephalosporins: - ANSWER: Cefaclor
Indications of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Preoperative prophylaxis to minimize risk of infection
(prophylaxis C-sections, and abdominal, vaginal biliary, and colorectal surgery)
Treatment of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract, and middle ear infections caused by
susceptible strains of bacteria, also typhoid fever
Actions of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing cell
death in susceptible bacteria. Less sensitive to penicillinase.
Adverse of Effects of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, superinfection, bone
marrow depression, risk for pseudomembranous colitis.
Toxic effects on the GI tract can limit the use - pseudomembranous colitis - diarrhea, NV, flatulence
and abdominal pain, skin rashes, & nephrotoxicity are the most significant
Drug-to-Drug Interactions of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Aminoglycosides ↑ risk of nephrotoxicity. Oral
anticoagulants ↑ bleeding. NO alcohol for 72 hours after discontinuation of the drug to prevent
disulfiram like reaction-unpleasant flushing, throbbing headache , dyspnea, NV, chest pain,
palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, vertigo, and extreme cases cardiovascular collapse and death
Nursing considerations for cephalosporins - ANSWER: - avoid alcohol while taking medication and for
3 days after finishing course of medication
- cross allergy with penicillins
- take with food
- adm liquid form to children, do not crush tablets
- have vitamin K available for hypoprothrombinemia
- monitor renal and hepatic function
- monitor for thrombophlebitis
Prototype of Fluoroquinolones: - ANSWER: Ciprofloxacin
Indications of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Treatment of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract,
ear, eye, bone, and joint infections; treatment after anthrax exposure, typhoid fever
Actions of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-
negative bacteria, preventing cell reproduction.
Adverse Effects of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Black Box Warning - most serious - risk of tendonitis &
rupture - ↑ risk for those > 60 yrs. of age, concurrent steroids, renal, heart or lung transplants
Headache, dizziness, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rash
Drug-to-Drug Interactions of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: ↓ effectiveness when taken w/iron salts, sucralfate,
mineral supplements & antacids ; if used separate by 4 hours
Edition by Rebecca Tucker 9781975180409 Chapter 1-60 All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
aerobic - ANSWER: bacteria that depend on oxygen for survival
anaerobic - ANSWER: bacteria that survive without oxygen, which are often
seen when blood flow is cut off to an area of the body
antibiotic - ANSWER: chemical that is able to inhibit the growth of specific
bacteria or cause the death of susceptible bacteria
gram-negative - ANSWER: bacteria that accept a negative stain and are
frequently associated with infections of the genitourinary or GI tract
gram-positive - ANSWER: bacteria that take a positive stain and are frequently associated with
infections of the respiratory tract and soft tissues
synergistic - ANSWER: drugs that work together to increase drug effectiveness
Prototype of Aminoglycosides - ANSWER: Gentamicin
Indications of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Treatment of serious infections caused by
susceptible bacteria.
Actions of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-
negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing cell death.
Adverse Effects of Gentamicin:
(Prototype of Aminoglycosides) - ANSWER: Sinusitis, dizziness, rash, fever, risk of !nephrotoxicity and
hearing loss (ototoxicity)!
Prototype of Carbapenems - ANSWER: Ertapenem
Indications of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: New class of bactericidal, broad-spectrum antibiotics
Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, complicated genitourinary infections, complicated
intra-abdominal infections, skin and skin- structure infections, and acute pelvic infections caused by
susceptible bacteria
Actions of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-
positive and gram-negative bacteria, disrupting functional integrity of the cell membrane and causing
cell death.
Adverse Effects of Ertapenem:
(Prototype of Carbapenems) - ANSWER: Toxic effects on the GI tract can limit the use -
pseudomembranous colitis, Clostridium difficile diarrhea, nephrotoxicity and N/V leading to
dehydration and electrolyte imbalances are the most significant AEs
Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pseudomembranous colitis, rash, pain at injection site.
, Prototype of Cephalosporins: - ANSWER: Cefaclor
Indications of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Preoperative prophylaxis to minimize risk of infection
(prophylaxis C-sections, and abdominal, vaginal biliary, and colorectal surgery)
Treatment of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract, and middle ear infections caused by
susceptible strains of bacteria, also typhoid fever
Actions of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, causing cell
death in susceptible bacteria. Less sensitive to penicillinase.
Adverse of Effects of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, superinfection, bone
marrow depression, risk for pseudomembranous colitis.
Toxic effects on the GI tract can limit the use - pseudomembranous colitis - diarrhea, NV, flatulence
and abdominal pain, skin rashes, & nephrotoxicity are the most significant
Drug-to-Drug Interactions of Cefaclor:
(Prototype of Cephalosporins) - ANSWER: Aminoglycosides ↑ risk of nephrotoxicity. Oral
anticoagulants ↑ bleeding. NO alcohol for 72 hours after discontinuation of the drug to prevent
disulfiram like reaction-unpleasant flushing, throbbing headache , dyspnea, NV, chest pain,
palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, vertigo, and extreme cases cardiovascular collapse and death
Nursing considerations for cephalosporins - ANSWER: - avoid alcohol while taking medication and for
3 days after finishing course of medication
- cross allergy with penicillins
- take with food
- adm liquid form to children, do not crush tablets
- have vitamin K available for hypoprothrombinemia
- monitor renal and hepatic function
- monitor for thrombophlebitis
Prototype of Fluoroquinolones: - ANSWER: Ciprofloxacin
Indications of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Treatment of respiratory, dermatological, urinary tract,
ear, eye, bone, and joint infections; treatment after anthrax exposure, typhoid fever
Actions of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-
negative bacteria, preventing cell reproduction.
Adverse Effects of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: Black Box Warning - most serious - risk of tendonitis &
rupture - ↑ risk for those > 60 yrs. of age, concurrent steroids, renal, heart or lung transplants
Headache, dizziness, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rash
Drug-to-Drug Interactions of Ciprofloxacin:
(Prototype of Fluoroquinolones) - ANSWER: ↓ effectiveness when taken w/iron salts, sucralfate,
mineral supplements & antacids ; if used separate by 4 hours
