Test Bank for Maternal Child Nursing Care 3rd CANADIAN
Edition Keenan Lindsay Chapter 1 - 55 Updated 2023 /
9780323759199 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are the two main functions of the placenta? - ANSWER: Endocrine: Produces hormones to
maintain pregnancy, support embryo, and fetus
Metabolic: Respiration, nutrition, excretion and storage.
What is the purpose of hCG? - ANSWER: To preserve the function of the ovarian corpus luteum.
What is the purpose of hCS/hPL? - ANSWER: Acts as a growth hormone, stimulates maternal supply of
nutrients for fetal growth. Also facilitates glucose transport across placenta, and stimulates maternal
breast development for lactation.
What is the purpose of the progesterone produced by the placenta? - ANSWER: To maintain
endometrium, decrease contractility of the uterus, stimulate maternal metabolism and develop
breast alveoli.
What is the purpose of estrogen produced by the placenta? - ANSWER: Stimulates uterine growth,
uteroplacental blood flow, and proliferation of breast glandular tissue.
Also stimulates myometrial contractility.
What is the pelvic outlet? - ANSWER: The lower border of the true pelvis; bounded by the pubic arch,
ischial tuberosities, and tip of coccyx.
What is the pelvic cavity? - ANSWER: Midpelvis, curved passage that is bounded by the symphisis
pubis, ischium, ilium, sacrum and coccyx
What is the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER: The upper border of the true pelvis, formed by the upper margins
of the public bone, the iliopectineal lines, and the anterior upper margin of the sacrum
What is engagement? - ANSWER: the largest presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet;
corresponds with station 0.
When does a woman normally experience engagement and how does this vary in nulliparous and
multiparous women? - ANSWER: Engagement can occur weeks before labour in nulliparous women
but may occur during labour for multiparous women.
What do you determine "station", using the relationship of the presenting fetal part to the maternal
ischial spines? - ANSWER: Station is measured in centimeters above or below the ischial spines. Above
spines is (-), level of spines is 0 (engagement) and below spines is (+).
At what station is birth imminent? - ANSWER: +4 to +5 station
How do you describe fetal position using a three letter abbreviation? - ANSWER: Fetal position using a
three letter abbreivation describes the relationship of the presenting part to the four quadrants of the
maternal pelvis.
- First letter: R or L (right or left)
- Second letter: Specific presenting part (O for occiput, S for sacrum, M for mentum [chin], and Sc for
scapula)
- Third letter: Location of presenting part in pelvis (A: anterior, P: posterior or T: transverse)
, What is general flexion of the fetus? - ANSWER: Rounded back, chin flexed on chests, thighs flexed on
abdomen, legs flexed at knees, arms crossed over thorax, umbilical cord lying between arms and legs
What is fetal attitude? - ANSWER: The relationship of the fetal parts to one another. The fetal attitude
can be flexion or extension.
What is fetal lie? - ANSWER: The relationship of the spine of the mother to the spine of the fetus. It
can be longitudinal, transverse (perpendicular), or oblique.
What is fetal presentation? - ANSWER: The part of the fetus that is presenting int the inlet. It may be
cephalic (head first) or breech (buttock, feet first)
What is the first symptom of appendicitis in children? what other symptoms may occur? - ANSWER:
First symptom is periumbilical pain; pain also experience nausea, right lower quadrant pain, vomiting
and fever.
When can perforation of the appendix occur? - ANSWER: Within approximately 48 hours after the
first sign of pain.
What can cause appendicitis in children? - ANSWER: Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by
hardened fecal material (fecalith) or swollen lymph tissue following a viral infection.
How does obstruction of the lumen of the appendix lead to infection? - ANSWER: It causes a blockage
of the outflow of mucus, builds pressure in the lumen, compresses blood vessels. This results in
bacterial invasion, ischemia, and ulceration.
What are signs and symptoms of peritonitis in a patient with appendicitis? - ANSWER: Sudden relief
from pain after perforation, followed by a subsequent increase in pain. Abdominal guarding,
distension, tachycardia, rapid shallow breathing, pallor, chills and irritability.
Before perforation occurs, how can appendicitis be treated? - ANSWER: Rehydration, antibiotics
and/or appendectomy.
After perforation occurs, how can appendicitis be treated? - ANSWER: IV antibiotics, IV fluids and
electrolytes, NG compression prior to surgery, NG decompression post operatively until bowel activity
returns, and drainage of abdominal abcesses.
What are some manifestations of pain in children with appendicitis? - ANSWER: Rigid, motionless,
side lying position with knees flexed on abdomen. Decreased ROM of right hip.
what is SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and when does it occur? - ANSWER: The sudden death
of an infant younger than 1 year of age that remains unexplained after postmortem examination.
What are some risk factors for SIDS? - ANSWER: - Male
- Increased incidence in the winter
- Lower socioeconomic class
- Preterm infants
- Multiple births
- Low APGAR scores at birth
- CNS disturbances and respiratory disorders
- Increased birth order (subsequent children at increased risk)
- Infants with recent history of illness
- Sleeping in prone position
- Soft bedding
- Overheating
- Co-sleeping
- Young maternal age
Edition Keenan Lindsay Chapter 1 - 55 Updated 2023 /
9780323759199 / All Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are the two main functions of the placenta? - ANSWER: Endocrine: Produces hormones to
maintain pregnancy, support embryo, and fetus
Metabolic: Respiration, nutrition, excretion and storage.
What is the purpose of hCG? - ANSWER: To preserve the function of the ovarian corpus luteum.
What is the purpose of hCS/hPL? - ANSWER: Acts as a growth hormone, stimulates maternal supply of
nutrients for fetal growth. Also facilitates glucose transport across placenta, and stimulates maternal
breast development for lactation.
What is the purpose of the progesterone produced by the placenta? - ANSWER: To maintain
endometrium, decrease contractility of the uterus, stimulate maternal metabolism and develop
breast alveoli.
What is the purpose of estrogen produced by the placenta? - ANSWER: Stimulates uterine growth,
uteroplacental blood flow, and proliferation of breast glandular tissue.
Also stimulates myometrial contractility.
What is the pelvic outlet? - ANSWER: The lower border of the true pelvis; bounded by the pubic arch,
ischial tuberosities, and tip of coccyx.
What is the pelvic cavity? - ANSWER: Midpelvis, curved passage that is bounded by the symphisis
pubis, ischium, ilium, sacrum and coccyx
What is the pelvic inlet? - ANSWER: The upper border of the true pelvis, formed by the upper margins
of the public bone, the iliopectineal lines, and the anterior upper margin of the sacrum
What is engagement? - ANSWER: the largest presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet;
corresponds with station 0.
When does a woman normally experience engagement and how does this vary in nulliparous and
multiparous women? - ANSWER: Engagement can occur weeks before labour in nulliparous women
but may occur during labour for multiparous women.
What do you determine "station", using the relationship of the presenting fetal part to the maternal
ischial spines? - ANSWER: Station is measured in centimeters above or below the ischial spines. Above
spines is (-), level of spines is 0 (engagement) and below spines is (+).
At what station is birth imminent? - ANSWER: +4 to +5 station
How do you describe fetal position using a three letter abbreviation? - ANSWER: Fetal position using a
three letter abbreivation describes the relationship of the presenting part to the four quadrants of the
maternal pelvis.
- First letter: R or L (right or left)
- Second letter: Specific presenting part (O for occiput, S for sacrum, M for mentum [chin], and Sc for
scapula)
- Third letter: Location of presenting part in pelvis (A: anterior, P: posterior or T: transverse)
, What is general flexion of the fetus? - ANSWER: Rounded back, chin flexed on chests, thighs flexed on
abdomen, legs flexed at knees, arms crossed over thorax, umbilical cord lying between arms and legs
What is fetal attitude? - ANSWER: The relationship of the fetal parts to one another. The fetal attitude
can be flexion or extension.
What is fetal lie? - ANSWER: The relationship of the spine of the mother to the spine of the fetus. It
can be longitudinal, transverse (perpendicular), or oblique.
What is fetal presentation? - ANSWER: The part of the fetus that is presenting int the inlet. It may be
cephalic (head first) or breech (buttock, feet first)
What is the first symptom of appendicitis in children? what other symptoms may occur? - ANSWER:
First symptom is periumbilical pain; pain also experience nausea, right lower quadrant pain, vomiting
and fever.
When can perforation of the appendix occur? - ANSWER: Within approximately 48 hours after the
first sign of pain.
What can cause appendicitis in children? - ANSWER: Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix by
hardened fecal material (fecalith) or swollen lymph tissue following a viral infection.
How does obstruction of the lumen of the appendix lead to infection? - ANSWER: It causes a blockage
of the outflow of mucus, builds pressure in the lumen, compresses blood vessels. This results in
bacterial invasion, ischemia, and ulceration.
What are signs and symptoms of peritonitis in a patient with appendicitis? - ANSWER: Sudden relief
from pain after perforation, followed by a subsequent increase in pain. Abdominal guarding,
distension, tachycardia, rapid shallow breathing, pallor, chills and irritability.
Before perforation occurs, how can appendicitis be treated? - ANSWER: Rehydration, antibiotics
and/or appendectomy.
After perforation occurs, how can appendicitis be treated? - ANSWER: IV antibiotics, IV fluids and
electrolytes, NG compression prior to surgery, NG decompression post operatively until bowel activity
returns, and drainage of abdominal abcesses.
What are some manifestations of pain in children with appendicitis? - ANSWER: Rigid, motionless,
side lying position with knees flexed on abdomen. Decreased ROM of right hip.
what is SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) and when does it occur? - ANSWER: The sudden death
of an infant younger than 1 year of age that remains unexplained after postmortem examination.
What are some risk factors for SIDS? - ANSWER: - Male
- Increased incidence in the winter
- Lower socioeconomic class
- Preterm infants
- Multiple births
- Low APGAR scores at birth
- CNS disturbances and respiratory disorders
- Increased birth order (subsequent children at increased risk)
- Infants with recent history of illness
- Sleeping in prone position
- Soft bedding
- Overheating
- Co-sleeping
- Young maternal age
