Test Bank For Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 16th
Edition (Tortora, 2020) Chapter 1-29 | 9781119662792 | All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What characteristic of nervous tissue provides for the generation of action potentials that provide
communication with and regulation of most of the body organs? - ANSWER: Excitability
What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Central nervous system (CNS)
and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the components of the CNS? - ANSWER: The brain and the spinal cord
What are the components of the PNS? - ANSWER: All nervous tissue outside of the CNS
Where do most signals that stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete originate? - ANSWER:
In the CNS
Define nerve - ANSWER: A cord-like bundle of neuronal axons and/or dendrites and associated
connective tissue coursing together outside of the CNS
How many pairs of nerves emerge from the brain? - ANSWER: 12
How many pairs of nerves emerge from the spinal cord? - ANSWER: 31
What is a sensory receptor? - ANSWER: A structure of the nervous system that monitors changes in
the external or internal environment
What are the divisions of the PNS? - ANSWER: Sensory and motor divisions
Is a sensory neuron afferent or efferent, and what does this mean? - ANSWER: Afferent. It conveys
input INTO the CNS from sensory receptors in the body
Is a motor neuron afferent or efferent, and what does this mean? - ANSWER: Efferent. It conveys
output from the CNS to its effectors
What does the afferent division provide the CNS? - ANSWER: Information about the somatic senses
and special senses
What are the somatic senses? - ANSWER: Tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations
What are the special senses - ANSWER: Smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
What are the effectors of the effected by the efferent division of the PNS? - ANSWER: Muscles or
glands
What are the subdivisions of the efferent division of the PNS? - ANSWER: Somatic nervous system
(SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
What is the function of the somatic nervous system and is it voluntary or involuntary? - ANSWER: It
convey output from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles only. It is voluntary
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system and is it voluntary or involuntary? - ANSWER: It
conveys output from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. It is
involuntary
, What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER: Sympathetic nervous
system, parasympathetic nervous system, enteric nervous system
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER: Fight or flight
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER: Rest and digest
What is the function of the enteric nervous system? - ANSWER: To help regulate the muscles and
glands of the GI tract
What are the functions of the (WHOLE- not split into PNS and CNS) nervous system? - ANSWER: 1-
Sensory function (input)
2- Integrative function (integration/process)
3- Motor function (output)
What is the sensory function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Sensory receptors detect internal and
external stimuli and carry it to the brain and spinal cord through cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What is the integrative function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Nervous system processes sensory
information by analyzing it and making decisions for appropriate responses. This is known as
integration
What is the motor function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: To produce an appropriate response in
the effectors, such as muscle contractions and secretion from glands
Define effectors - ANSWER: Muscles and glands
When does the motor function of the nervous system happen in relation to the other functions? -
ANSWER: After the stimuli have been processed and integrated
Types of cells within the nervous system - ANSWER: Neurons and neuroglia
General function of neurons - ANSWER: To form complex processing networks within the brain and
spinal cord and connect all the regions of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
What unique functions do neurons provide? - ANSWER: Sensing, thinking, remembering, controlling
muscle activity, and regulating glandular secretions
What negative thing happens as a result of a neuron's specialization? - ANSWER: They lose their
ability to undergo mitotic divisions
Are all neurons shaped alike? Why or why not? - ANSWER: No. They are specialized based on where in
the nervous system they occur and what their function is
Are all neuroglia shaped alike? Why or why not? - ANSWER: No. They are specialized based on where
in the nervous system they are located and what their function is
What are the functions of neuroglia? - ANSWER: 1- Nourish neurons
2- Support neurons
3- Protect neurons
4- Maintain the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons
Can neuroglia undergo mitotic division? When? - ANSWER: Yes. Throughout the life of the individual
in whom the cell resides
Edition (Tortora, 2020) Chapter 1-29 | 9781119662792 | All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What characteristic of nervous tissue provides for the generation of action potentials that provide
communication with and regulation of most of the body organs? - ANSWER: Excitability
What are the two main subdivisions of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Central nervous system (CNS)
and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are the components of the CNS? - ANSWER: The brain and the spinal cord
What are the components of the PNS? - ANSWER: All nervous tissue outside of the CNS
Where do most signals that stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete originate? - ANSWER:
In the CNS
Define nerve - ANSWER: A cord-like bundle of neuronal axons and/or dendrites and associated
connective tissue coursing together outside of the CNS
How many pairs of nerves emerge from the brain? - ANSWER: 12
How many pairs of nerves emerge from the spinal cord? - ANSWER: 31
What is a sensory receptor? - ANSWER: A structure of the nervous system that monitors changes in
the external or internal environment
What are the divisions of the PNS? - ANSWER: Sensory and motor divisions
Is a sensory neuron afferent or efferent, and what does this mean? - ANSWER: Afferent. It conveys
input INTO the CNS from sensory receptors in the body
Is a motor neuron afferent or efferent, and what does this mean? - ANSWER: Efferent. It conveys
output from the CNS to its effectors
What does the afferent division provide the CNS? - ANSWER: Information about the somatic senses
and special senses
What are the somatic senses? - ANSWER: Tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations
What are the special senses - ANSWER: Smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium
What are the effectors of the effected by the efferent division of the PNS? - ANSWER: Muscles or
glands
What are the subdivisions of the efferent division of the PNS? - ANSWER: Somatic nervous system
(SNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS)
What is the function of the somatic nervous system and is it voluntary or involuntary? - ANSWER: It
convey output from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles only. It is voluntary
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system and is it voluntary or involuntary? - ANSWER: It
conveys output from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. It is
involuntary
, What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? - ANSWER: Sympathetic nervous
system, parasympathetic nervous system, enteric nervous system
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER: Fight or flight
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system? - ANSWER: Rest and digest
What is the function of the enteric nervous system? - ANSWER: To help regulate the muscles and
glands of the GI tract
What are the functions of the (WHOLE- not split into PNS and CNS) nervous system? - ANSWER: 1-
Sensory function (input)
2- Integrative function (integration/process)
3- Motor function (output)
What is the sensory function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Sensory receptors detect internal and
external stimuli and carry it to the brain and spinal cord through cranial nerves and spinal nerves
What is the integrative function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: Nervous system processes sensory
information by analyzing it and making decisions for appropriate responses. This is known as
integration
What is the motor function of the nervous system? - ANSWER: To produce an appropriate response in
the effectors, such as muscle contractions and secretion from glands
Define effectors - ANSWER: Muscles and glands
When does the motor function of the nervous system happen in relation to the other functions? -
ANSWER: After the stimuli have been processed and integrated
Types of cells within the nervous system - ANSWER: Neurons and neuroglia
General function of neurons - ANSWER: To form complex processing networks within the brain and
spinal cord and connect all the regions of the body to the brain and spinal cord.
What unique functions do neurons provide? - ANSWER: Sensing, thinking, remembering, controlling
muscle activity, and regulating glandular secretions
What negative thing happens as a result of a neuron's specialization? - ANSWER: They lose their
ability to undergo mitotic divisions
Are all neurons shaped alike? Why or why not? - ANSWER: No. They are specialized based on where in
the nervous system they occur and what their function is
Are all neuroglia shaped alike? Why or why not? - ANSWER: No. They are specialized based on where
in the nervous system they are located and what their function is
What are the functions of neuroglia? - ANSWER: 1- Nourish neurons
2- Support neurons
3- Protect neurons
4- Maintain the interstitial fluid that bathes neurons
Can neuroglia undergo mitotic division? When? - ANSWER: Yes. Throughout the life of the individual
in whom the cell resides
