Test Bank For Maternal and Child Health Nursing 9th Edition
By JoAnne Silbert Flagg | 9781975161064 | Chapter 1-56 | All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: breasts hurt
late period
Nutrients and supplements needed during pregnancy - ANSWER: folate to prevent spina bidifa
prenatal vits
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: test is pos
What are the positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: and HR
US (see and hear heart beat)
What are normal vital signs for children? - ANSWER: 1 mo - 1 yr
HR 100-190 awake, 90-160 resting
RR 22-37
BP 72-104/37-56
T 35.8-38 (ear) 36.6-38 rectal 36.5-37.5 axillary
O2 <92
Your sleeping 6 month patient has vitals of
BP 70/65
HR 190
RR 28
Temp 98.6 F/ 37 C
are any abnormal? - ANSWER: HR 190
Normal range
1 mo-1 year
100-190 (awake), 90-160 (sleeping)
1-2 year old
98-140 (awake), 80-120 (sleeping)
What are age appropriate accident prevention steps? - ANSWER: gates, car seats, locks, latches, outlet
covers
What are childhood developmental norms? - ANSWER: Erikson's stages
Infancy - Basic trust versus mistrust.
Toddler - Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Preschool-age - Initiative versus guilt.
School-age - Industry versus inferiority.
Adolescence - Identity versus identity confusion.
Young adulthood - Intimacy versus isolation.
general milestones
birth to 1 likes to cuddle, follows objects, comforted by touch
2-3 holds rattles, side to back, hold her head partially
4-6 grasps objects at will, manipulates objects, supports weight when held standing
8-10 pincer grasp, crawl, pulls body by arms
,10-12 shape sorter, stands alone, sit from standing
0-1 solitary play
2-3 parallel play (associate dramatic)
5-6 cooperative
What is an example of associative play? -ANSWER:
Playing dress-up, using the same playground equipment, or sharing a play kitchen are good examples
of associative play activities; each child has their own focus but may be talking to each other and
using the same toys to carry that out.
infant locomotion on hands and knees (discussed with Exam 1 content, slide placed in Final Exam
Module) - ANSWER: crawling - 6-7 months
creeping (belly off floor) - 9 months
pulls to stand - 10 months
walk with assist - age 11 months
walk alone - age 12 months
chord prolapse - ANSWER: A cord prolapse is when an unborn baby's umbilical cord slips through the
cervix and into the vagina after a mother's water breaks and before the baby descends into the birth
canal. During delivery, the prolapsed cord can become compressed by baby's body.
What is chorioamnionitis? - ANSWER: Chorioamnionitis is a bacterial infection that occurs before or
during labor. The name refers to the membranes surrounding the fetus: the "chorion" (outer
membrane) and the "amnion" (fluid-filled sac). The condition occurs when bacteria infect the chorion,
amnion, and amniotic fluid around the fetus.
What are potential SEs of pain medication? - ANSWER: constipation, tolerance, addiction, lower RR,
drowsy
What is normal FETAL heart rate range? - ANSWER: 110-160 beats per minute
How does estrogen and progesterone affect the cardiovascular system of a pregnant woman? -
ANSWER: Pregnancy is associated with vasodilation of the systemic vasculature and the maternal
kidneys. The systemic vasodilation of pregnancy occurs as early as at 5 weeks and therefore precedes
full placentation and the complete development of the uteroplacental circulation.2 In the first
trimester, there is a substantial decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which decreases to a nadir
during the middle of the second trimester with a subsequent plateau or slight increase for the
remainder of the pregnancy3 (Figure 1). The decrease is ≈35% to 40% of baseline. Systemic vascular
resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum,4 and by 2 weeks after delivery,
maternal hemodynamics have largely returned to nonpregnant levels.5 Increased vascular
distensibility, or compliance, has been observed in normal human pregnancy starting in the first
trimester.6 Systemic vascular resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum.4
Vasodilation of the kidneys results in a 50% increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration
rates by the end of the first trimester. This results in decreases in serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid
values
Cultural Assessment of a pregnant woman/couple - ANSWER: consider religion, working moms/stay at
home moms, cultural preferences w placenta, chord, meds, who holds baby first, etc
Ectopic Pregnancy and Methotrexate (handout posted) - ANSWER: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when
a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy most
often occurs in a fallopian tube, which carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. This type of ectopic
pregnancy is called a tubal pregnancy
, The most common drug used to treat ectopic pregnancy is methotrexate. This drug stops cells from
growing, which ends the pregnancy. The pregnancy then is absorbed by the body over 4-6 weeks. This
does not require the removal of the fallopian tube.
Colic (interventions) - ANSWER: Colic is frequent, prolonged and intense crying or fussiness in a
healthy infant. Colic can be particularly frustrating for parents because the baby's distress occurs for
no apparent reason and no amount of consoling seems to bring any relief. These episodes often occur
in the evening, when parents themselves are often tired.
Episodes of colic usually peak when an infant is about 6 weeks old and decline significantly after 3 to 4
months of age. While the excessive crying will resolve with time, managing colic adds significant stress
to caring for your newborn child.
Symptoms
Babies have been known to fuss and cry, especially during the first three months of life. The range for
what's considered typical crying is difficult to pin down. In general, colic is defined as crying for three
or more hours a day, three or more days a week, for three or more weeks.
Features of colic may include the following:
Intense crying that may seem more like screaming or an expression of pain
Crying for no apparent reason, unlike crying to express hunger or the need for a diaper change
Extreme fussiness even after crying has diminished
Predictable timing, with episodes often occurring in the evening
Facial discoloring, such as skin flushing or blushing
Body tension, such as pulled up or stiffened legs, stiffened arms, clenched fists, arched back, or tense
abdomen
Sometimes there is relief in symptoms after the infant passes gas or has a bowel movement. Gas is
likely the result of swallowed air during prolonged crying.
Physiological forces of labor - ANSWER: As pregnancy progresses, contractions gradually increase in
intensity and frequency until, in labour, strong, synchronous, effective contractions occur. Changes in
the structure of myometrial cells enable them to contract more strongly and to maintain this through
labour. The initial changes are termed 'activation'
4 Stages of Labor
First stage: Dilation of the cervix (mouth of the uterus)
Second stage: Delivery of the baby.
Third stage: Afterbirth where you push out the placenta.
Fourth stage: Recovery.
Fetal positions - ANSWER: Frank breech is when the baby's legs are folded flat up against his head and
his bottom is closest to the birth canal
The most common and safest combination consists of the following:
Head first (called vertex or cephalic presentation)
Facing rearward.
Face and body angled toward the right or left.
Neck bent forward.
Chin tucked in.
Arms folded across the chest.
Occiput anterior (OA) The best fetal position for your baby to be shortly before birth is feet up, head
down, facing your back, with their back resting against your belly.
Occiput posterior (OP)
Breech position.
Oblique position.
Transverse position.
IUGR - ANSWER: Intrauterine Growth Retardation
By JoAnne Silbert Flagg | 9781975161064 | Chapter 1-56 | All
Chapters with Answers and Rationals
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: breasts hurt
late period
Nutrients and supplements needed during pregnancy - ANSWER: folate to prevent spina bidifa
prenatal vits
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: test is pos
What are the positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER: and HR
US (see and hear heart beat)
What are normal vital signs for children? - ANSWER: 1 mo - 1 yr
HR 100-190 awake, 90-160 resting
RR 22-37
BP 72-104/37-56
T 35.8-38 (ear) 36.6-38 rectal 36.5-37.5 axillary
O2 <92
Your sleeping 6 month patient has vitals of
BP 70/65
HR 190
RR 28
Temp 98.6 F/ 37 C
are any abnormal? - ANSWER: HR 190
Normal range
1 mo-1 year
100-190 (awake), 90-160 (sleeping)
1-2 year old
98-140 (awake), 80-120 (sleeping)
What are age appropriate accident prevention steps? - ANSWER: gates, car seats, locks, latches, outlet
covers
What are childhood developmental norms? - ANSWER: Erikson's stages
Infancy - Basic trust versus mistrust.
Toddler - Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Preschool-age - Initiative versus guilt.
School-age - Industry versus inferiority.
Adolescence - Identity versus identity confusion.
Young adulthood - Intimacy versus isolation.
general milestones
birth to 1 likes to cuddle, follows objects, comforted by touch
2-3 holds rattles, side to back, hold her head partially
4-6 grasps objects at will, manipulates objects, supports weight when held standing
8-10 pincer grasp, crawl, pulls body by arms
,10-12 shape sorter, stands alone, sit from standing
0-1 solitary play
2-3 parallel play (associate dramatic)
5-6 cooperative
What is an example of associative play? -ANSWER:
Playing dress-up, using the same playground equipment, or sharing a play kitchen are good examples
of associative play activities; each child has their own focus but may be talking to each other and
using the same toys to carry that out.
infant locomotion on hands and knees (discussed with Exam 1 content, slide placed in Final Exam
Module) - ANSWER: crawling - 6-7 months
creeping (belly off floor) - 9 months
pulls to stand - 10 months
walk with assist - age 11 months
walk alone - age 12 months
chord prolapse - ANSWER: A cord prolapse is when an unborn baby's umbilical cord slips through the
cervix and into the vagina after a mother's water breaks and before the baby descends into the birth
canal. During delivery, the prolapsed cord can become compressed by baby's body.
What is chorioamnionitis? - ANSWER: Chorioamnionitis is a bacterial infection that occurs before or
during labor. The name refers to the membranes surrounding the fetus: the "chorion" (outer
membrane) and the "amnion" (fluid-filled sac). The condition occurs when bacteria infect the chorion,
amnion, and amniotic fluid around the fetus.
What are potential SEs of pain medication? - ANSWER: constipation, tolerance, addiction, lower RR,
drowsy
What is normal FETAL heart rate range? - ANSWER: 110-160 beats per minute
How does estrogen and progesterone affect the cardiovascular system of a pregnant woman? -
ANSWER: Pregnancy is associated with vasodilation of the systemic vasculature and the maternal
kidneys. The systemic vasodilation of pregnancy occurs as early as at 5 weeks and therefore precedes
full placentation and the complete development of the uteroplacental circulation.2 In the first
trimester, there is a substantial decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, which decreases to a nadir
during the middle of the second trimester with a subsequent plateau or slight increase for the
remainder of the pregnancy3 (Figure 1). The decrease is ≈35% to 40% of baseline. Systemic vascular
resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum,4 and by 2 weeks after delivery,
maternal hemodynamics have largely returned to nonpregnant levels.5 Increased vascular
distensibility, or compliance, has been observed in normal human pregnancy starting in the first
trimester.6 Systemic vascular resistance increases to near-prepregnancy levels postpartum.4
Vasodilation of the kidneys results in a 50% increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration
rates by the end of the first trimester. This results in decreases in serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid
values
Cultural Assessment of a pregnant woman/couple - ANSWER: consider religion, working moms/stay at
home moms, cultural preferences w placenta, chord, meds, who holds baby first, etc
Ectopic Pregnancy and Methotrexate (handout posted) - ANSWER: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when
a fertilized egg implants and grows outside the main cavity of the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy most
often occurs in a fallopian tube, which carries eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. This type of ectopic
pregnancy is called a tubal pregnancy
, The most common drug used to treat ectopic pregnancy is methotrexate. This drug stops cells from
growing, which ends the pregnancy. The pregnancy then is absorbed by the body over 4-6 weeks. This
does not require the removal of the fallopian tube.
Colic (interventions) - ANSWER: Colic is frequent, prolonged and intense crying or fussiness in a
healthy infant. Colic can be particularly frustrating for parents because the baby's distress occurs for
no apparent reason and no amount of consoling seems to bring any relief. These episodes often occur
in the evening, when parents themselves are often tired.
Episodes of colic usually peak when an infant is about 6 weeks old and decline significantly after 3 to 4
months of age. While the excessive crying will resolve with time, managing colic adds significant stress
to caring for your newborn child.
Symptoms
Babies have been known to fuss and cry, especially during the first three months of life. The range for
what's considered typical crying is difficult to pin down. In general, colic is defined as crying for three
or more hours a day, three or more days a week, for three or more weeks.
Features of colic may include the following:
Intense crying that may seem more like screaming or an expression of pain
Crying for no apparent reason, unlike crying to express hunger or the need for a diaper change
Extreme fussiness even after crying has diminished
Predictable timing, with episodes often occurring in the evening
Facial discoloring, such as skin flushing or blushing
Body tension, such as pulled up or stiffened legs, stiffened arms, clenched fists, arched back, or tense
abdomen
Sometimes there is relief in symptoms after the infant passes gas or has a bowel movement. Gas is
likely the result of swallowed air during prolonged crying.
Physiological forces of labor - ANSWER: As pregnancy progresses, contractions gradually increase in
intensity and frequency until, in labour, strong, synchronous, effective contractions occur. Changes in
the structure of myometrial cells enable them to contract more strongly and to maintain this through
labour. The initial changes are termed 'activation'
4 Stages of Labor
First stage: Dilation of the cervix (mouth of the uterus)
Second stage: Delivery of the baby.
Third stage: Afterbirth where you push out the placenta.
Fourth stage: Recovery.
Fetal positions - ANSWER: Frank breech is when the baby's legs are folded flat up against his head and
his bottom is closest to the birth canal
The most common and safest combination consists of the following:
Head first (called vertex or cephalic presentation)
Facing rearward.
Face and body angled toward the right or left.
Neck bent forward.
Chin tucked in.
Arms folded across the chest.
Occiput anterior (OA) The best fetal position for your baby to be shortly before birth is feet up, head
down, facing your back, with their back resting against your belly.
Occiput posterior (OP)
Breech position.
Oblique position.
Transverse position.
IUGR - ANSWER: Intrauterine Growth Retardation
