ASBOG FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOLOGY
EXAM SPRING 2024 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2024
What is Geology? - ANSWER In its broadest sense, geology is the study of Earth — its interior and its
exterior surface, the rocks and other materials that are around us, the processes that have resulted in
the formation of those materials, the water that flows over the surface and lies underground, the
changes that have taken place over the vastness of geological time, and the changes that we can
anticipate will take place in the near future.
Igneous rocks for from? - ANSWER magma
A mineral is a ? - ANSWER naturally occurring combination of specific elements that are arranged in a
particular repeating three-dimensional structure or lattice
Difference between a mineral and a rock? - ANSWER A mineral is a pure substance with a specific
composition and structure, while a rock is typically a mixture of several different minerals (although a
few types of rock may include only one type of mineral)
Earth's core consists mostly of? - ANSWER Earth's core consists mostly of iron
The outer core is a solid or a liquid? - ANSWER liquid
The inner core is hotter than the outer core, but is it a liquid? - ANSWER No, too much pressure
The mantle is made up of? - ANSWER The mantle is made up of iron and magnesium silicate minerals.
Most of the mantle is solid, liquid, or something in between? - ANSWER The bulk of the mantle,
surrounding the outer core, is solid rock, but is plastic enough to be able to flow slowly.
Is the asthenosphere molten? - ANSWER some areas
, Continental crust is composed mostly of? - ANSWER Granite
Oceanic crust is composed mostly of? - ANSWER Basalt
The lithosphere is? - ANSWER The crust and outermost rigid mantle
what section of the Earth are the tectonic plates? - ANSWER Lithosphere
The geothermal gradient is ~? - ANSWER the rate of temperature increase is about 30°C/km
The unit Ma (time) is? - ANSWER millions of years
The unit Ga (time) is? - ANSWER billions of years
The unit ka (time) is? - ANSWER thousands of years
The Phanerozoic Eon started? - ANSWER 542 Ma
What moves plate tectonics? - ANSWER Convection currents
How old is Earth? - ANSWER 4.57 Ga
all atoms are made up of what main particles - ANSWER protons, neutrons, and electrons
The number of protons is the... - ANSWER atomic number
Protons+Neutrons= - ANSWER Atomic mass
EXAM SPRING 2024 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
2024
What is Geology? - ANSWER In its broadest sense, geology is the study of Earth — its interior and its
exterior surface, the rocks and other materials that are around us, the processes that have resulted in
the formation of those materials, the water that flows over the surface and lies underground, the
changes that have taken place over the vastness of geological time, and the changes that we can
anticipate will take place in the near future.
Igneous rocks for from? - ANSWER magma
A mineral is a ? - ANSWER naturally occurring combination of specific elements that are arranged in a
particular repeating three-dimensional structure or lattice
Difference between a mineral and a rock? - ANSWER A mineral is a pure substance with a specific
composition and structure, while a rock is typically a mixture of several different minerals (although a
few types of rock may include only one type of mineral)
Earth's core consists mostly of? - ANSWER Earth's core consists mostly of iron
The outer core is a solid or a liquid? - ANSWER liquid
The inner core is hotter than the outer core, but is it a liquid? - ANSWER No, too much pressure
The mantle is made up of? - ANSWER The mantle is made up of iron and magnesium silicate minerals.
Most of the mantle is solid, liquid, or something in between? - ANSWER The bulk of the mantle,
surrounding the outer core, is solid rock, but is plastic enough to be able to flow slowly.
Is the asthenosphere molten? - ANSWER some areas
, Continental crust is composed mostly of? - ANSWER Granite
Oceanic crust is composed mostly of? - ANSWER Basalt
The lithosphere is? - ANSWER The crust and outermost rigid mantle
what section of the Earth are the tectonic plates? - ANSWER Lithosphere
The geothermal gradient is ~? - ANSWER the rate of temperature increase is about 30°C/km
The unit Ma (time) is? - ANSWER millions of years
The unit Ga (time) is? - ANSWER billions of years
The unit ka (time) is? - ANSWER thousands of years
The Phanerozoic Eon started? - ANSWER 542 Ma
What moves plate tectonics? - ANSWER Convection currents
How old is Earth? - ANSWER 4.57 Ga
all atoms are made up of what main particles - ANSWER protons, neutrons, and electrons
The number of protons is the... - ANSWER atomic number
Protons+Neutrons= - ANSWER Atomic mass
