CBIS CHAPTER 6 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
Number or % of people living with a disability as a result of a brain injury - ANSWER 3.2-5.3 million
people
(1.1-1.78% of the US population)
Name 3 Musculoskeletal complications that are specific to TBI - ANSWER Hyperreflexia
Contractures
Heterotopic Ossification (HO)
What is hyperreflexia? - ANSWER Involuntary increase in muscle tone and exaggerated deep tendon
reflexes.
What are contractures? - ANSWER Abnormal, usually permanent condition of joints characterized by
decreased ROM, often in flexed position, and fixation due to wasting away and shortening of muscle
fibers and loss of skin elasticity.
What is heterotopic ossification? - ANSWER Clinical presentation may reveal a swollen painful warm
area, with decreased range of motion.
What are treatment options? - ANSWER NSAIDS, Radiation, Surgery in combination with disodium
etidronate
3 bladder dysfunctions that are complications of elimination per the book are? - ANSWER The inability to
empty the bladder-filling stimulus
The inability to empty bladder due to poor tone or right sphincter activity
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) occur early and late post injury and may be detected through early
cognitive or behavioral changes. -Can become chronic
, What is metabolic syndrome? - ANSWER A combination of medical disorders that increase the risk for
both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Common in aging adults. Marked by abdominal obesity, insulin
resistance, high BP, and dyslipidemea.
Metabolic syndrome can increase the potential risk for: - ANSWER Heart attack
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease
Peripheral artery disease
Retinopathy
What is meningitis? - ANSWER An infection resulting from a virus or bacteria entering the membranes
surrounding the brain and spinal column.
Meningitis has been associated with ____% of individuals with brain injury - ANSWER 50%
More than ____% of individuals with brain injury will experience a UTI withing _____ weeks of injury. -
ANSWER 60% within 6 weeks
What is cellulitis? - ANSWER A skin infection caused by a bacteria.
Sleep disturbances are reported by _____ to _____% of individuals with TBI - ANSWER 30-70%
Post traumatic hypersomnia - ANSWER A disorder of excessive sleepiness that occurs as a result of a
traumatic event. Characterized by daytime sleepiness, excessive sleepiness or cognitive or physical
fatigue.
Narcolepsy - ANSWER Excessive sleepiness that typically is associated with cataplexy (sudden loss of
muscle tone of short duration) and hypnagogic hallucinations. Characterized by repeated episodes of
naps or lapses into sleep of short duration < hour
ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
Number or % of people living with a disability as a result of a brain injury - ANSWER 3.2-5.3 million
people
(1.1-1.78% of the US population)
Name 3 Musculoskeletal complications that are specific to TBI - ANSWER Hyperreflexia
Contractures
Heterotopic Ossification (HO)
What is hyperreflexia? - ANSWER Involuntary increase in muscle tone and exaggerated deep tendon
reflexes.
What are contractures? - ANSWER Abnormal, usually permanent condition of joints characterized by
decreased ROM, often in flexed position, and fixation due to wasting away and shortening of muscle
fibers and loss of skin elasticity.
What is heterotopic ossification? - ANSWER Clinical presentation may reveal a swollen painful warm
area, with decreased range of motion.
What are treatment options? - ANSWER NSAIDS, Radiation, Surgery in combination with disodium
etidronate
3 bladder dysfunctions that are complications of elimination per the book are? - ANSWER The inability to
empty the bladder-filling stimulus
The inability to empty bladder due to poor tone or right sphincter activity
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) occur early and late post injury and may be detected through early
cognitive or behavioral changes. -Can become chronic
, What is metabolic syndrome? - ANSWER A combination of medical disorders that increase the risk for
both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Common in aging adults. Marked by abdominal obesity, insulin
resistance, high BP, and dyslipidemea.
Metabolic syndrome can increase the potential risk for: - ANSWER Heart attack
Stroke
Chronic kidney disease
Peripheral artery disease
Retinopathy
What is meningitis? - ANSWER An infection resulting from a virus or bacteria entering the membranes
surrounding the brain and spinal column.
Meningitis has been associated with ____% of individuals with brain injury - ANSWER 50%
More than ____% of individuals with brain injury will experience a UTI withing _____ weeks of injury. -
ANSWER 60% within 6 weeks
What is cellulitis? - ANSWER A skin infection caused by a bacteria.
Sleep disturbances are reported by _____ to _____% of individuals with TBI - ANSWER 30-70%
Post traumatic hypersomnia - ANSWER A disorder of excessive sleepiness that occurs as a result of a
traumatic event. Characterized by daytime sleepiness, excessive sleepiness or cognitive or physical
fatigue.
Narcolepsy - ANSWER Excessive sleepiness that typically is associated with cataplexy (sudden loss of
muscle tone of short duration) and hypnagogic hallucinations. Characterized by repeated episodes of
naps or lapses into sleep of short duration < hour
