CBIS SECTION 4: NEUROCOGNITIVE
ISSUES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
How many Americans experience disabilities due to brain injury? - ANSWER 5 million
Cognitive impairments include difficulties with: - ANSWER attention, memory, problem solving, decision
making
Cognition - ANSWER A complex collection of conscious mental activities, such as attention, perception,
comprehension, remembering, or using language.
It is a process by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, recovered, and used.
Domains of Cognitive Functioning - ANSWER Metacognition, attention, executive function, processing
speed, memory, categorization
Metacognition - ANSWER Self-awareness and knowledge of one's strengths and weaknesses.
Subtypes of Attention - ANSWER Focused, sustained, selective, alternating, divided.
Focused Attention - ANSWER Selecting one source of information while withholding responses to
irrelevant stimuli (responding to pain; turning to see what made a loud sound behind you).
Sustained Attention - ANSWER Maintaining attention to complete a task accurately and efficiently over a
period of time (reading a book; waiting a TV show; listening to a presentation).
Selective Attention - ANSWER Maintaining attention in the presence of distractions (focusing on a
speaker while ignoring talking around you or outside; studying while music is playing).
Alternating Attention - ANSWER Shifting between tasks that demand different behavioral or cognitive
skills (reading a recipe and stirring a pot; filing and answering a phone).
, Divided Attention - ANSWER Requires the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple task demands
while maintaining speed and accuracy (driving and talking on the phone; cooking multiple courses).
Attention Process Training Program (APT) - ANSWER A process-specific approach to cognitive
rehabilitation.
Hierarchically organized by difficulty.
Begins with sustained attention tasks and progresses to selective, alternating, and divided attention
tasks.
Categorization - ANSWER Deficits can interfere with:
-The initiation and performance of ADLs.
-The acquisition, processing, and learning of new information.
-Successful problem solving and decision-making.
BI patients tend to categorize based on a single attribute vs more complex/multidimensional stimuli.
Memory Impairments - ANSWER Encoding (where perceived info is put in a context that can be stored);
Storage (stabilization of a memory); Retrieval (the search for a memory or activation of a memory).
Memory Process - ANSWER Senses, Sensory memory, Short term memory, Working memory, Long term
memory
Sensory Memory - ANSWER Holds information from the senses for a few seconds immediately after the
item is perceived; there are five sensory memory senses.
Short Term Memory - ANSWER Enables recall of information that lasts a few minutes to hours. *passive*
ISSUES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
How many Americans experience disabilities due to brain injury? - ANSWER 5 million
Cognitive impairments include difficulties with: - ANSWER attention, memory, problem solving, decision
making
Cognition - ANSWER A complex collection of conscious mental activities, such as attention, perception,
comprehension, remembering, or using language.
It is a process by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, recovered, and used.
Domains of Cognitive Functioning - ANSWER Metacognition, attention, executive function, processing
speed, memory, categorization
Metacognition - ANSWER Self-awareness and knowledge of one's strengths and weaknesses.
Subtypes of Attention - ANSWER Focused, sustained, selective, alternating, divided.
Focused Attention - ANSWER Selecting one source of information while withholding responses to
irrelevant stimuli (responding to pain; turning to see what made a loud sound behind you).
Sustained Attention - ANSWER Maintaining attention to complete a task accurately and efficiently over a
period of time (reading a book; waiting a TV show; listening to a presentation).
Selective Attention - ANSWER Maintaining attention in the presence of distractions (focusing on a
speaker while ignoring talking around you or outside; studying while music is playing).
Alternating Attention - ANSWER Shifting between tasks that demand different behavioral or cognitive
skills (reading a recipe and stirring a pot; filing and answering a phone).
, Divided Attention - ANSWER Requires the ability to respond simultaneously to multiple task demands
while maintaining speed and accuracy (driving and talking on the phone; cooking multiple courses).
Attention Process Training Program (APT) - ANSWER A process-specific approach to cognitive
rehabilitation.
Hierarchically organized by difficulty.
Begins with sustained attention tasks and progresses to selective, alternating, and divided attention
tasks.
Categorization - ANSWER Deficits can interfere with:
-The initiation and performance of ADLs.
-The acquisition, processing, and learning of new information.
-Successful problem solving and decision-making.
BI patients tend to categorize based on a single attribute vs more complex/multidimensional stimuli.
Memory Impairments - ANSWER Encoding (where perceived info is put in a context that can be stored);
Storage (stabilization of a memory); Retrieval (the search for a memory or activation of a memory).
Memory Process - ANSWER Senses, Sensory memory, Short term memory, Working memory, Long term
memory
Sensory Memory - ANSWER Holds information from the senses for a few seconds immediately after the
item is perceived; there are five sensory memory senses.
Short Term Memory - ANSWER Enables recall of information that lasts a few minutes to hours. *passive*
