Solutions Manual For Neurophysiology A Conceptual
Approach 5th Edition By Roger Carpenter, Benjamin Reddi
9781444135176 ALL Chapters .
Which statement about Na+ permeability during an action potential is most accurate?
a.) It is long lasting.
b.) It is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential.
c.) It is responsible for the falling phase of the action potential.
d.) It restores the membrane potential to its usual level following the action potential. - ANSWER: b.)
It is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential.
The voltage clamp method controls the _______ at any desired level.
Question options:
1) amplitude of an action potential
2) frequency of an action potential
3) membrane potential
4) K+ current
5) Na+ current - ANSWER: 3) membrane potential
The classic voltage clamp technique would be suitable for which application?
a)Evaluation of effects of large intracellular molecules on the function of ion channel
b)Direct measurement of current flowing through the cell membrane
c)Measurement of current flowing through a single ion channel
d) Study of the ionic composition of the intracellular environment - ANSWER: b) Direct measurement
of current flowing through the cell membrane
Which current corresponds to a flow of Na+ in response to a depolarizing stimulus in a giant axon of a
squid?
a) Transient inward current
b) Delayed outward current
c) Prolonged outward current - ANSWER: a.)Transient inward current
In voltage clamp experiments, the early current will disappear if the membrane is clamped at _______
mV.
Question options:
a.)-26
b)0
c)+ 26
d) +52 - ANSWER: d.) +52
Practically speaking, how would you determine that Na+ influx into a cell underlies the early current?
a)Replace intracellular Na+ with its radioactive form and trace its movement across the membrane.
b)Remove Na+ from the extracellular compartment and assess the early current under new
conditions.
c)Use the voltage clamp method to measure the current. - ANSWER: b)Remove Na+ from the
extracellular compartment and assess the early current under new conditions.
Which conclusion can be drawn from Hodgkin and Huxley's studies of K+ and Na+ conductances?
a)Both conductances exhibit the property of time-dependent activation.
b)Both conductances depend on voltage.
c)K+ conductance reaches its maximum with a pronounced delay.
d)Unlike K+ conductance, Na+ conductance reaches its maximum and inactivates rapidly.
e)All of the above - ANSWER: e.) All of the above
,An action potential travels in only one direction along the axon because of its _______ property.
a)refractory
b)all-or-none
c)passive
d)active
e)transient - ANSWER: a.) Refractory
Ion channels that are involved in generation of action potentials open or close in response to
a)voltage
b)neurotransmitters.
c)second messengers.
d)mechanical stimulation.
e) temperature. - ANSWER: a.) Voltage
In what way are ion channels similar to active transporters?
Question options:
a)Both are proteins.
b)Both actively move ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
c)Both create ion concentration gradients.
d)Both maintain ion concentration gradients.
e)Both enable selective ion permeability. - ANSWER: a.) Both are proteins
Which technique would you use to study the effects of the extracellular environment on ion channel
activity?
a)Conventional voltage clamp
b)Whole-cell patch clamp
c)Inside-out patch clamp
d)Outside-out patch clamp - ANSWER: d.) Outside-out patch clamp
What do microscopic and macroscopic Na+ currents have in common?
a)They flow through a single ion channel
b) They flow through multiple ion channels
c)They flow through a large area of neuronal membrane
d)They represent a flow of many ions - ANSWER: d.) They represent a flow of many ions
Which property is characteristic of Na+
channels but not K+ channels?
a) Ion permeability
b) Ion selectivity
c)Voltage sensitivity
d)Ability to inactivate - ANSWER: d.) Ability to inactivate
The K+ channel is made up of _______, each of which contains helical membrane-spanning domains
with a _______ between them
a)two subunits; pore loop
b)four domains; pore loop
c)four subunits; pore loop
d)two subunits; pore - ANSWER: c.) four subunits, pore loop
Structures that form the voltage sensors of K+
channels
Question options:
, a.)are embedded in the cell membrane
b.)extend into the intracellular space.
c.)extend into the extracellular space. - ANSWER: a.) are embedded in the cell membrane
Which intervention will disrupt the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
Question options:
a.)Removal of extracellular K+
b.)Removal of extracellular Na+
c.)Removal of extracellular ATP - ANSWER: a.) Removal of extracellular K+
Which structure can be found exclusively at an electrical synapse?
Question options:
1) Synaptic cleft
2) Synaptic vesicle
3) Connexon
4) Neurotransmitter receptor - ANSWER: c.) Connexon
What is the action of the neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse?
Question options:
1)It acts on receptors in the postsynaptic membrane.
2)It electrically activates the presynaptic neuron.
3) It crosses the postsynaptic membrane and then activates ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. -
ANSWER: a.) It acts on receptors in the postsynaptic membrane
Which event is the first in the series of events that take place during chemical synaptic transmission?
Question options:
1) Neurotransmitter binds to its receptors.
2) Influx of Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal.
3) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open.
4) Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.
5) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane. - ANSWER: c.) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
open.
At which point during signal transmission at a chemical synapse is exocytosis occurring?
1) As neurotransmitter binds to its receptors
2) While Ca2+ enters the presynaptic terminal
3) As voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are opening
4) During neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft
5) During reuptake, as synaptic vesicles are reformed from the plasma membrane - ANSWER: d.)
During neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft
Which step of peptide neurotransmitter processing takes place in the presynaptic terminal?
1) Synthesis
2) Packaging
3) Transport
4)Release
5) Degradation - ANSWER: d.) Release
Small-molecule neurotransmitters are _______ for _______.
Approach 5th Edition By Roger Carpenter, Benjamin Reddi
9781444135176 ALL Chapters .
Which statement about Na+ permeability during an action potential is most accurate?
a.) It is long lasting.
b.) It is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential.
c.) It is responsible for the falling phase of the action potential.
d.) It restores the membrane potential to its usual level following the action potential. - ANSWER: b.)
It is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential.
The voltage clamp method controls the _______ at any desired level.
Question options:
1) amplitude of an action potential
2) frequency of an action potential
3) membrane potential
4) K+ current
5) Na+ current - ANSWER: 3) membrane potential
The classic voltage clamp technique would be suitable for which application?
a)Evaluation of effects of large intracellular molecules on the function of ion channel
b)Direct measurement of current flowing through the cell membrane
c)Measurement of current flowing through a single ion channel
d) Study of the ionic composition of the intracellular environment - ANSWER: b) Direct measurement
of current flowing through the cell membrane
Which current corresponds to a flow of Na+ in response to a depolarizing stimulus in a giant axon of a
squid?
a) Transient inward current
b) Delayed outward current
c) Prolonged outward current - ANSWER: a.)Transient inward current
In voltage clamp experiments, the early current will disappear if the membrane is clamped at _______
mV.
Question options:
a.)-26
b)0
c)+ 26
d) +52 - ANSWER: d.) +52
Practically speaking, how would you determine that Na+ influx into a cell underlies the early current?
a)Replace intracellular Na+ with its radioactive form and trace its movement across the membrane.
b)Remove Na+ from the extracellular compartment and assess the early current under new
conditions.
c)Use the voltage clamp method to measure the current. - ANSWER: b)Remove Na+ from the
extracellular compartment and assess the early current under new conditions.
Which conclusion can be drawn from Hodgkin and Huxley's studies of K+ and Na+ conductances?
a)Both conductances exhibit the property of time-dependent activation.
b)Both conductances depend on voltage.
c)K+ conductance reaches its maximum with a pronounced delay.
d)Unlike K+ conductance, Na+ conductance reaches its maximum and inactivates rapidly.
e)All of the above - ANSWER: e.) All of the above
,An action potential travels in only one direction along the axon because of its _______ property.
a)refractory
b)all-or-none
c)passive
d)active
e)transient - ANSWER: a.) Refractory
Ion channels that are involved in generation of action potentials open or close in response to
a)voltage
b)neurotransmitters.
c)second messengers.
d)mechanical stimulation.
e) temperature. - ANSWER: a.) Voltage
In what way are ion channels similar to active transporters?
Question options:
a)Both are proteins.
b)Both actively move ions from one side of the membrane to the other.
c)Both create ion concentration gradients.
d)Both maintain ion concentration gradients.
e)Both enable selective ion permeability. - ANSWER: a.) Both are proteins
Which technique would you use to study the effects of the extracellular environment on ion channel
activity?
a)Conventional voltage clamp
b)Whole-cell patch clamp
c)Inside-out patch clamp
d)Outside-out patch clamp - ANSWER: d.) Outside-out patch clamp
What do microscopic and macroscopic Na+ currents have in common?
a)They flow through a single ion channel
b) They flow through multiple ion channels
c)They flow through a large area of neuronal membrane
d)They represent a flow of many ions - ANSWER: d.) They represent a flow of many ions
Which property is characteristic of Na+
channels but not K+ channels?
a) Ion permeability
b) Ion selectivity
c)Voltage sensitivity
d)Ability to inactivate - ANSWER: d.) Ability to inactivate
The K+ channel is made up of _______, each of which contains helical membrane-spanning domains
with a _______ between them
a)two subunits; pore loop
b)four domains; pore loop
c)four subunits; pore loop
d)two subunits; pore - ANSWER: c.) four subunits, pore loop
Structures that form the voltage sensors of K+
channels
Question options:
, a.)are embedded in the cell membrane
b.)extend into the intracellular space.
c.)extend into the extracellular space. - ANSWER: a.) are embedded in the cell membrane
Which intervention will disrupt the function of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump?
Question options:
a.)Removal of extracellular K+
b.)Removal of extracellular Na+
c.)Removal of extracellular ATP - ANSWER: a.) Removal of extracellular K+
Which structure can be found exclusively at an electrical synapse?
Question options:
1) Synaptic cleft
2) Synaptic vesicle
3) Connexon
4) Neurotransmitter receptor - ANSWER: c.) Connexon
What is the action of the neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse?
Question options:
1)It acts on receptors in the postsynaptic membrane.
2)It electrically activates the presynaptic neuron.
3) It crosses the postsynaptic membrane and then activates ion channels in the postsynaptic neuron. -
ANSWER: a.) It acts on receptors in the postsynaptic membrane
Which event is the first in the series of events that take place during chemical synaptic transmission?
Question options:
1) Neurotransmitter binds to its receptors.
2) Influx of Ca2+ in the presynaptic terminal.
3) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open.
4) Neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft.
5) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane. - ANSWER: c.) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
open.
At which point during signal transmission at a chemical synapse is exocytosis occurring?
1) As neurotransmitter binds to its receptors
2) While Ca2+ enters the presynaptic terminal
3) As voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are opening
4) During neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft
5) During reuptake, as synaptic vesicles are reformed from the plasma membrane - ANSWER: d.)
During neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft
Which step of peptide neurotransmitter processing takes place in the presynaptic terminal?
1) Synthesis
2) Packaging
3) Transport
4)Release
5) Degradation - ANSWER: d.) Release
Small-molecule neurotransmitters are _______ for _______.
