Solutions Manual For Principles of Polymer Systems 6th
Edition By Ferdinand Rodriguez; Claude Cohen; Christopher K.
Ober; Lynden Archer 9781482223781 ALL Chapters .
A ________is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass made up of repeating
structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds - ANSWER: polymer
Describes a substance that has been made artificially through chemical synthesis (doesn't come from
a natural source) - ANSWER: Synthetic
What are some examples of synthetic polymers? - ANSWER: Fiber, Plastics, Elastomers or Rubbers
What are polymers made from? - ANSWER: Raw material crude oil or natural gas
Both crude oil and natural gas are mixtures of various _________________? - ANSWER: saturated
hydrocarbons
3 Manufacturing processes of polymers from crude oil? - ANSWER: 1. Fractional Distillation
2. Cracking, Reforming, and/or alteration
3. Polymerization
Physical separation of crude oil into individual HC or a mixture of a few HCs(called a refinery
intermediate or a "fraction") - ANSWER: Fractional Distillation
Making monomers from a HC or a fraction (further refining of saturated HCs into unsaturated HCs -
ANSWER: Cracking, Reforming, and/or alteration
Connecting monomers into polymer through polymerization process - ANSWER: Polymerization
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. What are the three types of hydrocarbons?
And in terms of elements or compounds: - ANSWER: 1. Paraffins (25%)
2. Naphthenes (50%)
3. Aromatics (17%), and other non-HC
Carbon (84%)
Hydrogen (14%)
HC with only single bonds are called what?
What percentage? - ANSWER: Saturates (75%)
Examples of Saturates are? - ANSWER: Paraffins and Naphthenes
Non hydrocarbons examples? - ANSWER: sulfurs, oxygens, nitrogens, metallics
Large molecules always have higher _________?
Larger carbons don't always have bigger __________?
give example? - ANSWER: boiling temp.
melting point, propane
Plastics account for only ___ of overall petroleum production? - ANSWER: 1.3%
, Crude oil is a complex___________ of hydrocarbons of various molecular sizes. - ANSWER: mixture
Fractional distillation is used extensively in petroleum refining to separate crude oil into various
________? - ANSWER: fractions
Effective separation can be achieved by using a long vertical column(___________ or ______)
attached to the distillation vessel. - ANSWER: Fractionating column or tower
What is the first step to obtain basic ingredients from crude oil for making polymers? - ANSWER:
Fractional distillation
Different hydrocarbons in crude oil have _________________________ due to different molecular
sizes, which means they can be separated by distillation. - ANSWER: different boiling points
On the fractionating column, what has the lowest boiling point and lowest density, and what is the
highest boiling point and density? - ANSWER: Gas-lowest
Asphalt-highest
What is the boiling point and carbon atoms per molecule of the fraction Naphtha? - ANSWER: boiling
point (C)=30-200
carbon atoms per molecule=5-12
Asphaltic bitumen is used for what application? - ANSWER: road pavement and for making carbon
black, carbon fiber
HC(paraffins):
pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Undecane - ANSWER: 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Regular Gasoline has more ________ - ANSWER: pentane
Premium gasoline has more _________ - ANSWER: octane
You can change one fraction into another by which of the following methods? (3 of them) - ANSWER:
Cracking
Reforming (unification)
Alteration
Refinery is a combination of all of these processes.
what speed up processes eventually to be recycled? - ANSWER: catalysts
What is the process that breaks down complex or heavy hydrocarbons into simpler or lighter ones by
the breaking of C-C and/or C-H bonds using the combinations of heat, catalysts, and pressure? -
ANSWER: Cracking
Edition By Ferdinand Rodriguez; Claude Cohen; Christopher K.
Ober; Lynden Archer 9781482223781 ALL Chapters .
A ________is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass made up of repeating
structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds - ANSWER: polymer
Describes a substance that has been made artificially through chemical synthesis (doesn't come from
a natural source) - ANSWER: Synthetic
What are some examples of synthetic polymers? - ANSWER: Fiber, Plastics, Elastomers or Rubbers
What are polymers made from? - ANSWER: Raw material crude oil or natural gas
Both crude oil and natural gas are mixtures of various _________________? - ANSWER: saturated
hydrocarbons
3 Manufacturing processes of polymers from crude oil? - ANSWER: 1. Fractional Distillation
2. Cracking, Reforming, and/or alteration
3. Polymerization
Physical separation of crude oil into individual HC or a mixture of a few HCs(called a refinery
intermediate or a "fraction") - ANSWER: Fractional Distillation
Making monomers from a HC or a fraction (further refining of saturated HCs into unsaturated HCs -
ANSWER: Cracking, Reforming, and/or alteration
Connecting monomers into polymer through polymerization process - ANSWER: Polymerization
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. What are the three types of hydrocarbons?
And in terms of elements or compounds: - ANSWER: 1. Paraffins (25%)
2. Naphthenes (50%)
3. Aromatics (17%), and other non-HC
Carbon (84%)
Hydrogen (14%)
HC with only single bonds are called what?
What percentage? - ANSWER: Saturates (75%)
Examples of Saturates are? - ANSWER: Paraffins and Naphthenes
Non hydrocarbons examples? - ANSWER: sulfurs, oxygens, nitrogens, metallics
Large molecules always have higher _________?
Larger carbons don't always have bigger __________?
give example? - ANSWER: boiling temp.
melting point, propane
Plastics account for only ___ of overall petroleum production? - ANSWER: 1.3%
, Crude oil is a complex___________ of hydrocarbons of various molecular sizes. - ANSWER: mixture
Fractional distillation is used extensively in petroleum refining to separate crude oil into various
________? - ANSWER: fractions
Effective separation can be achieved by using a long vertical column(___________ or ______)
attached to the distillation vessel. - ANSWER: Fractionating column or tower
What is the first step to obtain basic ingredients from crude oil for making polymers? - ANSWER:
Fractional distillation
Different hydrocarbons in crude oil have _________________________ due to different molecular
sizes, which means they can be separated by distillation. - ANSWER: different boiling points
On the fractionating column, what has the lowest boiling point and lowest density, and what is the
highest boiling point and density? - ANSWER: Gas-lowest
Asphalt-highest
What is the boiling point and carbon atoms per molecule of the fraction Naphtha? - ANSWER: boiling
point (C)=30-200
carbon atoms per molecule=5-12
Asphaltic bitumen is used for what application? - ANSWER: road pavement and for making carbon
black, carbon fiber
HC(paraffins):
pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Undecane - ANSWER: 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Regular Gasoline has more ________ - ANSWER: pentane
Premium gasoline has more _________ - ANSWER: octane
You can change one fraction into another by which of the following methods? (3 of them) - ANSWER:
Cracking
Reforming (unification)
Alteration
Refinery is a combination of all of these processes.
what speed up processes eventually to be recycled? - ANSWER: catalysts
What is the process that breaks down complex or heavy hydrocarbons into simpler or lighter ones by
the breaking of C-C and/or C-H bonds using the combinations of heat, catalysts, and pressure? -
ANSWER: Cracking
