Bio 1500 Mizzou Schul TEST 4 All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution

Know the functions of the mammalian respiratory system - to supply oxygen to the cells which they need to perform cellular respiration and to rid the body of CO2 Recall the reason for 'death-zone' - people who are at a certain elevation and above for more than 48 hours get insufficient oxygen Describe the hypothesized reasons for the decline in O2 during the late Permian - Land masses form super-continent which led to a dryer climate and a reduction in photosynthesis which led to the reduced burial of carbon and then O2 dropped as more carbon entered cellular respiration residual lung volume - amount of air left in the lungs after exhaling Explain why residual lung volume exists - keep the alveoli open even after maximum expiration which allows for continual gas exchange to occur between breaths. Explain how the circular processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration result in the cycling of carbon within ecosystems. - CR produces CO2 and water which PS uses to make O2 and glucose which CR uses Explain the two reasons for an imbalance in this cycle that led to the increased O2 during the Carboniferous. - 1. Increase in photosynthesis 2. Burial of carbon- removed from the cycle Explain the importance of Lignin on the rise and fall of O2 levels during the Carboniferous - Lignin allows coal formation and allows excess O2 to stay in the atmosphere Explain the importance of Lignin Decomposition on the rise and fall of O2 levels during the Carboniferous - Lignin Decop did not allow coal formation and did not allow excess O2 to stay in the atmosphere which increased PSRecall the general function that gradients have in cells. - storage Explain how gradients are used in cells using the example of ATP Synthase - stores H+ and pushed inward which provides energy for ATP synthase Molecular level of biological organization - involving structure/behavior of molecules Cellular level of biological organization - processes performed by cells Organismal level of biological organization - physiology of plants, animals, ... - how do they work Ecological level of biological organization - interactions between organisms and environment Evolutionary level of biological organization - topics related to change over time Recall the elevation of Mt. Everest - 8848 meters 29029 feet Where does a death zone occur? - anywhere above 8000 meters (26,247 ft) Recall the migration path of Bar Headed Geese - between India and Mongolia Which feat makes the migration path of Bar Headed Geese remarkable - the elevation which they fly (over the Himalayas) Recall how Bar Headed Geese are likely able to achieve this feat - they acquire oxygen very efficiently List the steps in mammalian respiration - 1. Inhale air from the atmosphere2. Diffusion of air to red blood cells in lungs 3. Oxygen is bound to blood pigments inside RBC 4. RBC is transported throughout body and oxygen is released 5. Oxygen is used in CR and CO2 is diffused into the blood 6. CO2 is dissolved into the blood 7. Blood transports CO2 and RBC without oxygen to lungs 8. Air is exhaled and CO2 is diffused into the air gas exchange - movement of O2 from air into blood and of CO2 from blood into air