Solutions Manual For Using R for Introductory Statistics 2nd
Edition By John Verzani 9781466590731 ALL Chapters .
Alternative hypothesis - ANSWER: The hypothesis used in hypothesis testing that is contrary to the
null hypothesis / Effect is present
Between-group design - ANSWER: A type of experimental design in which two or more groups of
subjects are tested by a different testing factor simultaneously
Between-subject design aka - ANSWER: Between-group design / Independent design
Bimodal - ANSWER: Describes a frequency distribution having two modes
Binary variable - ANSWER: A categorical variable that can take on one of two categories
Boredom effect - ANSWER: Participants may perform differently in the second condition because they
are tired or bored from having completed the first condition
Categorical variable - ANSWER: A variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number
of possible values
Central tendency - ANSWER: The centre of a distribution. Three common measures of central
tendency are mean, median and mode.
Confounding variable - ANSWER: An extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (directly
or inversely) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable
Content validity - ANSWER: aka Logical validity, refers to the extent to which a measure represents all
facets of a given construct
Continuous variable - ANSWER: A variable that gives a score to each entity and can take on any value
on the measurement scale that we are using / Two types are Interval variables and Ratio variables
Correlational research aka - ANSWER: Cross-sectional research
Counterbalancing - ANSWER: A method for controlling order effects in a repeated measures design.
Randomization is used to determine the order in which conditions are completed.
Criterion validity - ANSWER: A measure of how well a variable or set of variables measures what they
claim to measure. Ideally this is assessed by relating outcomes to known real-world observations
Cross-sectional research - ANSWER: Observational research where we observe what naturally goes on
in the world without directly interfering with it
Dependent variable - ANSWER: A variable (often denoted by y ) whose value we suspect depends on
that of another / Proposed outcome / Outcome variable
Discrete variable vs. Continuous variable - ANSWER: The distinction between a discrete and
continuous variable can be blurred. Age is continuous, but usually described in discrete terms. The
number of children is discrete, but the average number may be meaningfully described in continuous
terms.
Ecological validity - ANSWER: A measure of how much the methods, materials and setting of the study
approximate the real-world that is being examined
Experimental hypothesis aka - ANSWER: Alternative hypothesis
Edition By John Verzani 9781466590731 ALL Chapters .
Alternative hypothesis - ANSWER: The hypothesis used in hypothesis testing that is contrary to the
null hypothesis / Effect is present
Between-group design - ANSWER: A type of experimental design in which two or more groups of
subjects are tested by a different testing factor simultaneously
Between-subject design aka - ANSWER: Between-group design / Independent design
Bimodal - ANSWER: Describes a frequency distribution having two modes
Binary variable - ANSWER: A categorical variable that can take on one of two categories
Boredom effect - ANSWER: Participants may perform differently in the second condition because they
are tired or bored from having completed the first condition
Categorical variable - ANSWER: A variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number
of possible values
Central tendency - ANSWER: The centre of a distribution. Three common measures of central
tendency are mean, median and mode.
Confounding variable - ANSWER: An extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (directly
or inversely) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable
Content validity - ANSWER: aka Logical validity, refers to the extent to which a measure represents all
facets of a given construct
Continuous variable - ANSWER: A variable that gives a score to each entity and can take on any value
on the measurement scale that we are using / Two types are Interval variables and Ratio variables
Correlational research aka - ANSWER: Cross-sectional research
Counterbalancing - ANSWER: A method for controlling order effects in a repeated measures design.
Randomization is used to determine the order in which conditions are completed.
Criterion validity - ANSWER: A measure of how well a variable or set of variables measures what they
claim to measure. Ideally this is assessed by relating outcomes to known real-world observations
Cross-sectional research - ANSWER: Observational research where we observe what naturally goes on
in the world without directly interfering with it
Dependent variable - ANSWER: A variable (often denoted by y ) whose value we suspect depends on
that of another / Proposed outcome / Outcome variable
Discrete variable vs. Continuous variable - ANSWER: The distinction between a discrete and
continuous variable can be blurred. Age is continuous, but usually described in discrete terms. The
number of children is discrete, but the average number may be meaningfully described in continuous
terms.
Ecological validity - ANSWER: A measure of how much the methods, materials and setting of the study
approximate the real-world that is being examined
Experimental hypothesis aka - ANSWER: Alternative hypothesis
