Test Bank For Clinical Manifestations & Assessment of
Respiratory Disease 8th Edition By Terry Des Jardins; George
G. Burton 9780323553698 Chapter 1-45 Complete Guide
What are the two categories of respiratory disease? - ANSWER: Obstructive and Restrictive
What are the signs and symptoms of an obstructive disease? - ANSWER: 1. Flow of gases into and out
of the lungs is impeded.
2. Decreased airflow, usually worse on exhalation.
What are the signs and symptoms of a restrictive disease? - ANSWER: 1. Volumes are reduced.
2. Changes in the lung parenchyma (tissue)
Name the obstructive diseases... - ANSWER: 1. Cystic fibrosis.
2. Bronchitis.
3. Asthma.
4. Bronchiectasis.
5. Emphysema.
Acronym: C-BABE
Name the restrictive diseases... - ANSWER: 1. Pneumonia.
2. Pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Pulmonary edema.
4. Atelectasis.
5. Obesity.
Anything you can think of except C-BABE.
The acronym COPD stands for... - ANSWER: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, it consists of
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema, a term referring to two lung disease's which often occur
simultaneously.
Definition of COPD... - ANSWER: a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra
pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component
is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
The definition for Chronic Bronchitis is... - ANSWER: A chronic and productive cough for 3 months in
each of 2 successive years in a patient where all other causes of a productive cough have been ruled
out.
List the anatomic alterations of chronic bronchitis... - ANSWER: 1. Conducting airways, particularly the
bronchi, primarily.
2. Chronic inflammation & swelling of the walls of the
peripheral airways.
3. Excessive mucus production and accumulation.
4. Partial or total mucus plugging.
5. Smooth muscle construction (bronchospasm).
6. Air trapping and hyperinflation of alveoli.
The definition of Emphysema is... - ANSWER: The presence of permanent enlargement of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accomplished by destruction of their walls and without
obvious fibrosis.
,List the anatomic alterations of emphysema... - ANSWER: 1. Weakening and permanent enlargement
of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
and destruction of alveolar walls.
2. Adjacent capillaries destroyed, resulting in
decreased surface area for gas exchange.
3. Weakening of distal airways, respiratory
bronchioles.
4. Air trapping and hyperinflation.
List the two major types of emphysema... - ANSWER: 1. Panlobular (aka: panacinar).
2. Centrilobular (aka: centriacinar).
Define panlobular (panacinar)... - ANSWER: Abnormal weakening and enlargement of all air spaces
distal to the terminal bronchioles. This includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs,
and alveoli. Most severe form, often associated with a deficiency in alpha 1 antitrypsin.
Define centrilobular (centriacinar)... - ANSWER: Involves the respiratory bronchioles in the proximal
portion. Most common form, strongly associated with cigarette smoking and chronic btonchitis.
List some COPD risk factors... - ANSWER: 1. Tobacco smoke.
2. Occupational dust and chemicals.
3. Indoor and outdoor pollutions.
4. Conditions affecting lung development of fetus.
5. Genetic disposition: alpha 1 antitrypsin defiency (major
problem found in the blood/produced by the liver).
Diagnosis of COPD, should test if patient has... - ANSWER: 1. Dyspnea.
2. Chronic cough.
3. Chronic sputum production.
4. History of exposure to risk factors.
5. Diagnosis should be confirmed by a PFT.
Emphysema (Pink Puffer) - ANSWER: Derived from the reddish complexion and the "puffing"
commonly seen in these patients.
Patient tends to be very thin due to increased WOB, barrel chest, uses accessory muscles of
inspiration, and exhales thru "pursed lips".
Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater) - ANSWER: Derived from the cyanosis commonly seen in these
patients. Patients tend to be stocky and overweight, have a chronic productive cough, frequently have
swollen ankles and distended neck veins as a result of cor pulmonale.
COPD: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER: Intentionally left blank/continue to next
True or false? There are no mental status changes associated with COPD. - ANSWER: False. Mental
status changes due to low oxygen to the brain is closely associated with respiratory failure.
Define polycythemia... - ANSWER: Disease state in which the proportion of blood volume that is
occupied by RBCs increases.
Define hypochloremia... - ANSWER: An electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low
level of the chloride ion in the blood.
Define hypermatremia... - ANSWER: A high sodium level in the blood.
What are the emphysema breath sounds? - ANSWER: Breath sounds are decreased with prolonged
expiratory.
, What are the chronic bronchitis breath sounds? - ANSWER: Breath sounds include rhonchi, crackles,
and wheezes.
List the sputum production for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema... - ANSWER: Emphysema has
slight production.
Chronic Bronchitis has copious amounts, purulent.
List some general management guidelines for COPD... - ANSWER: Assess and monitor the disease:
1. Exposure to the risk, past medical and family history.
2. Pattern of symptoms/history of exacerbation's.
3. Appropriateness of current medical treatments.
Reducing the risk factors:
1. Quit smoking (Reduces risk and slows progression).
2. Avoid indoor and outdoor air pollution.
What are some non-pharmacological ways to manage COPD? - ANSWER: 1. Pulmonary rehab.
2. Education.
3. Conditioning.
What are some pharmacological ways to manage COPD? - ANSWER: 1. Short acting beta-adrenergic's.
2. Long acting beta-adrenergic's.
3. Anticholinergic's: long and short acting.
4. Steroids.
5. Oxygen.
Exacerbation's of COPD... - ANSWER: 1. Acute in onset.
2. Most common cause, infection (pneumonia)
3. May be treated at home or in hospital.
Respiratory Care Treatments for COPD... - ANSWER: Intentionally left blank/continue to next
List three results when using Oxygen Therapy for COPD... - ANSWER: 1. Decreased WOB.
2. Decreased work of the heart.
3. Treat hypoxemia.
List 4 forms of Broncho-pulmonary Hygiene Therapy for COPD... - ANSWER: 1. CPT.
2. PEP Therapyy.
3. Huff cough.
4. Suctioning.
Aerosolized medication therapy for COPD could include... - ANSWER: 1. Sympathomimetics.
2. Parasympatholytics.
3. Corticosteroids.
True or False? Mechanical ventilation cannot be used while treating an exacerbation to a patient. -
ANSWER: False
Define Asthma... - ANSWER: A chronic, inflammatory lung disease characterized by increased
reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction with increased
mucous production and mucosal swelling.
List anatomical alterations associated with asthma... - ANSWER: 1. Reversible bronchial smooth
muscle constrictions.
2. Airway inflammation.
3. Increased airway responsiveness.
Respiratory Disease 8th Edition By Terry Des Jardins; George
G. Burton 9780323553698 Chapter 1-45 Complete Guide
What are the two categories of respiratory disease? - ANSWER: Obstructive and Restrictive
What are the signs and symptoms of an obstructive disease? - ANSWER: 1. Flow of gases into and out
of the lungs is impeded.
2. Decreased airflow, usually worse on exhalation.
What are the signs and symptoms of a restrictive disease? - ANSWER: 1. Volumes are reduced.
2. Changes in the lung parenchyma (tissue)
Name the obstructive diseases... - ANSWER: 1. Cystic fibrosis.
2. Bronchitis.
3. Asthma.
4. Bronchiectasis.
5. Emphysema.
Acronym: C-BABE
Name the restrictive diseases... - ANSWER: 1. Pneumonia.
2. Pulmonary fibrosis.
3. Pulmonary edema.
4. Atelectasis.
5. Obesity.
Anything you can think of except C-BABE.
The acronym COPD stands for... - ANSWER: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, it consists of
Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema, a term referring to two lung disease's which often occur
simultaneously.
Definition of COPD... - ANSWER: a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extra
pulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component
is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
The definition for Chronic Bronchitis is... - ANSWER: A chronic and productive cough for 3 months in
each of 2 successive years in a patient where all other causes of a productive cough have been ruled
out.
List the anatomic alterations of chronic bronchitis... - ANSWER: 1. Conducting airways, particularly the
bronchi, primarily.
2. Chronic inflammation & swelling of the walls of the
peripheral airways.
3. Excessive mucus production and accumulation.
4. Partial or total mucus plugging.
5. Smooth muscle construction (bronchospasm).
6. Air trapping and hyperinflation of alveoli.
The definition of Emphysema is... - ANSWER: The presence of permanent enlargement of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accomplished by destruction of their walls and without
obvious fibrosis.
,List the anatomic alterations of emphysema... - ANSWER: 1. Weakening and permanent enlargement
of the
airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles
and destruction of alveolar walls.
2. Adjacent capillaries destroyed, resulting in
decreased surface area for gas exchange.
3. Weakening of distal airways, respiratory
bronchioles.
4. Air trapping and hyperinflation.
List the two major types of emphysema... - ANSWER: 1. Panlobular (aka: panacinar).
2. Centrilobular (aka: centriacinar).
Define panlobular (panacinar)... - ANSWER: Abnormal weakening and enlargement of all air spaces
distal to the terminal bronchioles. This includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs,
and alveoli. Most severe form, often associated with a deficiency in alpha 1 antitrypsin.
Define centrilobular (centriacinar)... - ANSWER: Involves the respiratory bronchioles in the proximal
portion. Most common form, strongly associated with cigarette smoking and chronic btonchitis.
List some COPD risk factors... - ANSWER: 1. Tobacco smoke.
2. Occupational dust and chemicals.
3. Indoor and outdoor pollutions.
4. Conditions affecting lung development of fetus.
5. Genetic disposition: alpha 1 antitrypsin defiency (major
problem found in the blood/produced by the liver).
Diagnosis of COPD, should test if patient has... - ANSWER: 1. Dyspnea.
2. Chronic cough.
3. Chronic sputum production.
4. History of exposure to risk factors.
5. Diagnosis should be confirmed by a PFT.
Emphysema (Pink Puffer) - ANSWER: Derived from the reddish complexion and the "puffing"
commonly seen in these patients.
Patient tends to be very thin due to increased WOB, barrel chest, uses accessory muscles of
inspiration, and exhales thru "pursed lips".
Chronic Bronchitis (Blue Bloater) - ANSWER: Derived from the cyanosis commonly seen in these
patients. Patients tend to be stocky and overweight, have a chronic productive cough, frequently have
swollen ankles and distended neck veins as a result of cor pulmonale.
COPD: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER: Intentionally left blank/continue to next
True or false? There are no mental status changes associated with COPD. - ANSWER: False. Mental
status changes due to low oxygen to the brain is closely associated with respiratory failure.
Define polycythemia... - ANSWER: Disease state in which the proportion of blood volume that is
occupied by RBCs increases.
Define hypochloremia... - ANSWER: An electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low
level of the chloride ion in the blood.
Define hypermatremia... - ANSWER: A high sodium level in the blood.
What are the emphysema breath sounds? - ANSWER: Breath sounds are decreased with prolonged
expiratory.
, What are the chronic bronchitis breath sounds? - ANSWER: Breath sounds include rhonchi, crackles,
and wheezes.
List the sputum production for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema... - ANSWER: Emphysema has
slight production.
Chronic Bronchitis has copious amounts, purulent.
List some general management guidelines for COPD... - ANSWER: Assess and monitor the disease:
1. Exposure to the risk, past medical and family history.
2. Pattern of symptoms/history of exacerbation's.
3. Appropriateness of current medical treatments.
Reducing the risk factors:
1. Quit smoking (Reduces risk and slows progression).
2. Avoid indoor and outdoor air pollution.
What are some non-pharmacological ways to manage COPD? - ANSWER: 1. Pulmonary rehab.
2. Education.
3. Conditioning.
What are some pharmacological ways to manage COPD? - ANSWER: 1. Short acting beta-adrenergic's.
2. Long acting beta-adrenergic's.
3. Anticholinergic's: long and short acting.
4. Steroids.
5. Oxygen.
Exacerbation's of COPD... - ANSWER: 1. Acute in onset.
2. Most common cause, infection (pneumonia)
3. May be treated at home or in hospital.
Respiratory Care Treatments for COPD... - ANSWER: Intentionally left blank/continue to next
List three results when using Oxygen Therapy for COPD... - ANSWER: 1. Decreased WOB.
2. Decreased work of the heart.
3. Treat hypoxemia.
List 4 forms of Broncho-pulmonary Hygiene Therapy for COPD... - ANSWER: 1. CPT.
2. PEP Therapyy.
3. Huff cough.
4. Suctioning.
Aerosolized medication therapy for COPD could include... - ANSWER: 1. Sympathomimetics.
2. Parasympatholytics.
3. Corticosteroids.
True or False? Mechanical ventilation cannot be used while treating an exacerbation to a patient. -
ANSWER: False
Define Asthma... - ANSWER: A chronic, inflammatory lung disease characterized by increased
reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli resulting in bronchoconstriction with increased
mucous production and mucosal swelling.
List anatomical alterations associated with asthma... - ANSWER: 1. Reversible bronchial smooth
muscle constrictions.
2. Airway inflammation.
3. Increased airway responsiveness.
