Solutions Manual For Categorical and Nonparametric Data
Analysis Choosing the Best Statistical Technique 1st Edition By
E. Michael Nussbaum 9781848726031 ALL Chapters .
chi-square goodness of fit test - ANSWER: A nonparametric inferential procedure that determines
how well an observed frequency distribution fits an expected distribution. This has one nominal
variable.
observed frequencies - ANSWER: the frequency with which participants fall into a category
expected frequencies - ANSWER: the frequency expected in a category if the sample data represent
the population
chi-square test of independence - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test used when frequency
data have been collected to determine how well an observed breakdown of people over various
categories fits some expected breakdown.
This test has two nominal variables.
phi coefficient - ANSWER: an inferential test used to determine effect size for a chi-square test
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test for comparing sample medians
of two independent groups of scores. The CRV must be less than the OBT to be significant.
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test for comparing
sample medians of two dependent or related groups of scores. The CRV must be less than the OBT to
be significant
Kruskal-Wallis test - ANSWER: An inferential nonparametric test used to determine differences
between three or more groups on one ranked independent variable for a between-subjects design;
the IV has three levels. This works if the data is skewed.
e.g. Creativity (DV) and LSD, weed, and control (three IVs).
Friedman Test - ANSWER: an inferential nonparametric test used to determine differences between
three or more conditions on one ranked independent variable for a within (correlated)-groups design.
The data must always be ordinal.
______ and ______ frequencies are used in calculation of the chi squared (χ2) statistic - ANSWER:
Observed; expected
The nonparametric inferential statistic for comparing two groups of different people when ordinal
data are collected is the _______ - ANSWER: Wilcoxon rank sum test
When frequency data are collected, we use the ______ to determine how well an observed frequency
distribution of two nominal variables fit some expected breakdown. - ANSWER: χ2 test (or chi-squared
test)
Effect size for chi-squares is determined by using the _______ - ANSWER: phi-coefficient
The Wilcoxon _____ test is used with within subjects designs. - ANSWER: matched pairs signed-ranks
T test
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used with ________ designs. - ANSWER: between-participants
, Chi-square tests use _______ data, whereas Wilcoxon tests use _____ data. - ANSWER: nominal;
ordinal
The extension of the Wilcoxon rank sum test for use with more than two groups is the _______ -
ANSWER: Kruskal-Wallis test (extension)
Parametric is to Nonparametric as _______ is to _______ - ANSWER: t test; χ2 test
Which of the following is an assumption of the chi-squared test? - ANSWER: The sample should be
randomly selected
The ______ is a measure of effect size for the _______ - ANSWER: phi-coefficient; χ2 test of
independence
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used with ____ data - ANSWER: ordinal
Wilcoxon rank sum test is to ______ design as Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks T test is to _____
design - ANSWER: between-subjects; within-subjects
When using a between subjects design, and comparing three or more groups on an ordinal variable,
we would use what test? - ANSWER: Kruskal-Willis test (3+ groups with an ordinal variable).
nonparametric statistics - ANSWER: A statistical method wherein the data is not required to fit a
normal distribution. Often used ordinal data. Good for ranks. Inferential.
Parametric statistics are based on assumptions about the distribution of the population from which
the sample was taken. Nonparametric statistics are not based on assumptions; that is, the data can be
collected from a sample that does not follow a specific distribution.
Nonparametric Statistics - ANSWER: nominal or ordinal data.
No population parameters, which don't require population parameters like μ or σ
don't require an underlying distribution that's normal
Typically also have fewer assumptions than parametric tests.
But although easy, also less powerful
Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test hypotheses. - ANSWER: A nonparametric statistical test used to
compare categorical information against what we'd expect based on previous knowledge.
So, it tests observed frequency (frequency with which participants fall into a certain category) against
expected frequency (frequency expected in a category if the sample data represent the population).
Nondirectional test: alternative hypothesis is neither one-tailed nor two-tailed.
Alternative hypothesis is that observed data do not fit the expected frequencies for the population.
The null hypothesis is that they do fit the expected frequencies for the population.
chi square formula is =∑((O-E)^2)/E where _____ - ANSWER: O is observed frequency, E is expected
frequency.
Degree of freedom for chi-square Goodness of Fit test: - ANSWER: The number of categories - 1.
Analysis Choosing the Best Statistical Technique 1st Edition By
E. Michael Nussbaum 9781848726031 ALL Chapters .
chi-square goodness of fit test - ANSWER: A nonparametric inferential procedure that determines
how well an observed frequency distribution fits an expected distribution. This has one nominal
variable.
observed frequencies - ANSWER: the frequency with which participants fall into a category
expected frequencies - ANSWER: the frequency expected in a category if the sample data represent
the population
chi-square test of independence - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test used when frequency
data have been collected to determine how well an observed breakdown of people over various
categories fits some expected breakdown.
This test has two nominal variables.
phi coefficient - ANSWER: an inferential test used to determine effect size for a chi-square test
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test for comparing sample medians
of two independent groups of scores. The CRV must be less than the OBT to be significant.
Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test - ANSWER: a nonparametric inferential test for comparing
sample medians of two dependent or related groups of scores. The CRV must be less than the OBT to
be significant
Kruskal-Wallis test - ANSWER: An inferential nonparametric test used to determine differences
between three or more groups on one ranked independent variable for a between-subjects design;
the IV has three levels. This works if the data is skewed.
e.g. Creativity (DV) and LSD, weed, and control (three IVs).
Friedman Test - ANSWER: an inferential nonparametric test used to determine differences between
three or more conditions on one ranked independent variable for a within (correlated)-groups design.
The data must always be ordinal.
______ and ______ frequencies are used in calculation of the chi squared (χ2) statistic - ANSWER:
Observed; expected
The nonparametric inferential statistic for comparing two groups of different people when ordinal
data are collected is the _______ - ANSWER: Wilcoxon rank sum test
When frequency data are collected, we use the ______ to determine how well an observed frequency
distribution of two nominal variables fit some expected breakdown. - ANSWER: χ2 test (or chi-squared
test)
Effect size for chi-squares is determined by using the _______ - ANSWER: phi-coefficient
The Wilcoxon _____ test is used with within subjects designs. - ANSWER: matched pairs signed-ranks
T test
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used with ________ designs. - ANSWER: between-participants
, Chi-square tests use _______ data, whereas Wilcoxon tests use _____ data. - ANSWER: nominal;
ordinal
The extension of the Wilcoxon rank sum test for use with more than two groups is the _______ -
ANSWER: Kruskal-Wallis test (extension)
Parametric is to Nonparametric as _______ is to _______ - ANSWER: t test; χ2 test
Which of the following is an assumption of the chi-squared test? - ANSWER: The sample should be
randomly selected
The ______ is a measure of effect size for the _______ - ANSWER: phi-coefficient; χ2 test of
independence
The Wilcoxon rank sum test is used with ____ data - ANSWER: ordinal
Wilcoxon rank sum test is to ______ design as Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks T test is to _____
design - ANSWER: between-subjects; within-subjects
When using a between subjects design, and comparing three or more groups on an ordinal variable,
we would use what test? - ANSWER: Kruskal-Willis test (3+ groups with an ordinal variable).
nonparametric statistics - ANSWER: A statistical method wherein the data is not required to fit a
normal distribution. Often used ordinal data. Good for ranks. Inferential.
Parametric statistics are based on assumptions about the distribution of the population from which
the sample was taken. Nonparametric statistics are not based on assumptions; that is, the data can be
collected from a sample that does not follow a specific distribution.
Nonparametric Statistics - ANSWER: nominal or ordinal data.
No population parameters, which don't require population parameters like μ or σ
don't require an underlying distribution that's normal
Typically also have fewer assumptions than parametric tests.
But although easy, also less powerful
Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test hypotheses. - ANSWER: A nonparametric statistical test used to
compare categorical information against what we'd expect based on previous knowledge.
So, it tests observed frequency (frequency with which participants fall into a certain category) against
expected frequency (frequency expected in a category if the sample data represent the population).
Nondirectional test: alternative hypothesis is neither one-tailed nor two-tailed.
Alternative hypothesis is that observed data do not fit the expected frequencies for the population.
The null hypothesis is that they do fit the expected frequencies for the population.
chi square formula is =∑((O-E)^2)/E where _____ - ANSWER: O is observed frequency, E is expected
frequency.
Degree of freedom for chi-square Goodness of Fit test: - ANSWER: The number of categories - 1.
