Test Bank For Microbiology with Diseases by Body System 5th
Edition By Robert W. Bauman 9780134477206 Chapter 1-26
Complete Guide .
mutualism - ANSWER: both organisms benefit
example of mutualism - ANSWER: bacteria in our colon receive a nutrient-rich environment to thrive
in while humans absorb its nutrients
commensalism - ANSWER: one benefits without affecting the other
parasitism - ANSWER: one benefits and the other is harmed
pathogen - ANSWER: any parasite that causes a disease
Amensalism (Antagonism) - ANSWER: One is harmed the other is neither harmed or helped
Resident microbiota - ANSWER: Organisms part of the body's microbiome throughout an individual's
life.
Transient microbiota - ANSWER: Organisms remaining in the body for a limited time (few hours, days,
or months)
First exposure of microbes - ANSWER: During birth
Opportunistic pathogens - ANSWER: Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain
circumstances
Example of opportunistic pathogen - ANSWER: Klebsiyalla: normal microbe of the colon; once it
invaded the nose, it will cause pneumonia and harm/kill the lungs
Weakening of immune system - ANSWER: Malnutrition, HIV, cancer (chemotherapeutic), old age,
radiation, immunosuppressive drugs (due to a transplant)
Reservoirs - ANSWER: Creatures which store pathogens
Zoonoses / animal reservoirs - ANSWER: Diseases spread from animal hosts
What is one important quality a human carrier has? - ANSWER: They're asymptomatic
Examples of human carrier diseases? - ANSWER: Syphilis, tuberculosis, AIDS, Typhoid Mary
Nonliving reservoirs - ANSWER: Inanimate objects (soil, water, and food) carrying diseases
Portals of entry - ANSWER: Skin, mucous membranes, eye, genital infections, intimacy tract, placenta,
parental route
Parental route - ANSWER: Means by which portal of entry is circumvented (e.g needles, thorns, nails,
knives)
To prove that an agent causes disease, what must be done? - ANSWER: Proof through Koch's
Postulates
Koch's postulates steps - ANSWER: 1. The agent must be present in every case of the disease
, 2. The agent must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. The cultured agent must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, experimental host
4. The same agent should be found in the diseases experimental host
Pathogenicity - ANSWER: Ability of a microbe to cause disease
Virulence - ANSWER: Degree of pathogenicity (how well it infects the host)
Virulence factors - ANSWER: Traits that interact with a host, slow it to enter, gain access to nutrients,
and escape from the immune system
Extracellular enzymes - ANSWER: Degrade tissues and lyse cells
Hyaluronidase - ANSWER: Degrades the ground substance of the connective tissue
Collagenase - ANSWER: Degrades the connective tissue
Coagulase - ANSWER: Causes blood proteins to clot, providing a hiding place for white bloods cells to
enter tissues
Kinase - ANSWER: Digest blood clots and add phosphate groups onto proteins (e.g streptokinase and
staphylokinase)
Which two extracellular enzymes degrade specific molecules that enable bacteria to invade deeper? -
ANSWER: Hyaluronidase and collagenase
Toxins - ANSWER: Chemicals that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage
Exotoxins - ANSWER: Proteins secreted by the pathogen and destroy host cells or interfere with
metabolism
There would be no immunity to the pathogen during which stage? - ANSWER: Incubation period
What occurs during the prodromal period? - ANSWER: The immune innate system is being activated ;
mild, general symptoms
Which is the most severe infectious stage? - ANSWER: Illness
During Illness stage, the immune system is fully activated. True or false? - ANSWER: False; the innate
system is active but the active immune response is not fully functional
Wha occurs during the decline stage? - ANSWER: Patient is gradually returning to normal due to the
immune system controlling the microbe's replicaton
What occurs during convalescence? - ANSWER: When the patient fully recovers and the tissues are
repaired. It may be prolonged (e.g Ebola) or in less serious diseases, it can be very short
True or false: during convalescence, the pathogen is always completely cleared - ANSWER: False; not
always. In Ebola virus, the patient will continue to shed the virus in semen and eye secretions
What does it mean to be seroconversion? - ANSWER: During illness, you are + for agent and - for
antibody but during convalescence, you are - for agent and + for antibody. This means that the serum
(the blood that has clotted and the clot removed) has antibodies in it so the serum has changed
List all the portal of exit - ANSWER: Urine, fecal material, skin flakes, blood, earwax, tears, nose, saliva
and sputum, milk (HIV), vaginal secretion, seminal vesicles
Edition By Robert W. Bauman 9780134477206 Chapter 1-26
Complete Guide .
mutualism - ANSWER: both organisms benefit
example of mutualism - ANSWER: bacteria in our colon receive a nutrient-rich environment to thrive
in while humans absorb its nutrients
commensalism - ANSWER: one benefits without affecting the other
parasitism - ANSWER: one benefits and the other is harmed
pathogen - ANSWER: any parasite that causes a disease
Amensalism (Antagonism) - ANSWER: One is harmed the other is neither harmed or helped
Resident microbiota - ANSWER: Organisms part of the body's microbiome throughout an individual's
life.
Transient microbiota - ANSWER: Organisms remaining in the body for a limited time (few hours, days,
or months)
First exposure of microbes - ANSWER: During birth
Opportunistic pathogens - ANSWER: Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain
circumstances
Example of opportunistic pathogen - ANSWER: Klebsiyalla: normal microbe of the colon; once it
invaded the nose, it will cause pneumonia and harm/kill the lungs
Weakening of immune system - ANSWER: Malnutrition, HIV, cancer (chemotherapeutic), old age,
radiation, immunosuppressive drugs (due to a transplant)
Reservoirs - ANSWER: Creatures which store pathogens
Zoonoses / animal reservoirs - ANSWER: Diseases spread from animal hosts
What is one important quality a human carrier has? - ANSWER: They're asymptomatic
Examples of human carrier diseases? - ANSWER: Syphilis, tuberculosis, AIDS, Typhoid Mary
Nonliving reservoirs - ANSWER: Inanimate objects (soil, water, and food) carrying diseases
Portals of entry - ANSWER: Skin, mucous membranes, eye, genital infections, intimacy tract, placenta,
parental route
Parental route - ANSWER: Means by which portal of entry is circumvented (e.g needles, thorns, nails,
knives)
To prove that an agent causes disease, what must be done? - ANSWER: Proof through Koch's
Postulates
Koch's postulates steps - ANSWER: 1. The agent must be present in every case of the disease
, 2. The agent must be isolated and grown in pure culture
3. The cultured agent must cause the disease when inoculated into a healthy, experimental host
4. The same agent should be found in the diseases experimental host
Pathogenicity - ANSWER: Ability of a microbe to cause disease
Virulence - ANSWER: Degree of pathogenicity (how well it infects the host)
Virulence factors - ANSWER: Traits that interact with a host, slow it to enter, gain access to nutrients,
and escape from the immune system
Extracellular enzymes - ANSWER: Degrade tissues and lyse cells
Hyaluronidase - ANSWER: Degrades the ground substance of the connective tissue
Collagenase - ANSWER: Degrades the connective tissue
Coagulase - ANSWER: Causes blood proteins to clot, providing a hiding place for white bloods cells to
enter tissues
Kinase - ANSWER: Digest blood clots and add phosphate groups onto proteins (e.g streptokinase and
staphylokinase)
Which two extracellular enzymes degrade specific molecules that enable bacteria to invade deeper? -
ANSWER: Hyaluronidase and collagenase
Toxins - ANSWER: Chemicals that harm tissues or trigger host immune responses that cause damage
Exotoxins - ANSWER: Proteins secreted by the pathogen and destroy host cells or interfere with
metabolism
There would be no immunity to the pathogen during which stage? - ANSWER: Incubation period
What occurs during the prodromal period? - ANSWER: The immune innate system is being activated ;
mild, general symptoms
Which is the most severe infectious stage? - ANSWER: Illness
During Illness stage, the immune system is fully activated. True or false? - ANSWER: False; the innate
system is active but the active immune response is not fully functional
Wha occurs during the decline stage? - ANSWER: Patient is gradually returning to normal due to the
immune system controlling the microbe's replicaton
What occurs during convalescence? - ANSWER: When the patient fully recovers and the tissues are
repaired. It may be prolonged (e.g Ebola) or in less serious diseases, it can be very short
True or false: during convalescence, the pathogen is always completely cleared - ANSWER: False; not
always. In Ebola virus, the patient will continue to shed the virus in semen and eye secretions
What does it mean to be seroconversion? - ANSWER: During illness, you are + for agent and - for
antibody but during convalescence, you are - for agent and + for antibody. This means that the serum
(the blood that has clotted and the clot removed) has antibodies in it so the serum has changed
List all the portal of exit - ANSWER: Urine, fecal material, skin flakes, blood, earwax, tears, nose, saliva
and sputum, milk (HIV), vaginal secretion, seminal vesicles
