Test Bank For Social Psychology 10th Edition By Elliot Aronson;
Timothy D. Wilson; Robin M. Akert; Samuel R Sommers
9780134641287 Chapter 1-13 Complete Guide .
Self-concept - ANSWER: The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal
attributes
independent view of the self - ANSWER: A way of defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts,
feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings,
and actions of other people
interdependent view of the self - ANSWER: A way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to
other
people, recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by
the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others
1. Which of the following is least likely to pass the "mirror· test
suggesting they have at least a rudimentary self -concept?
a. An orangutan
b . A chimpanzee
c . A 12-month-old human infant
d. A 3 -year-old human child - ANSWER: c
2. When thinking about other people, which of the following will
we see as most central to their self -concept?
a. Their morals
b . Their preferences and attitudes
c . Their physical attributes
d. Their memories - ANSWER: a
3. Which is the best definition of an independent view
of the self?
a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other
people
b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts, feelings, and actions
c . Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry - ANSWER: b
Introspection - ANSWER: The process whereby people look inward and examine their own
thoughts, feelings, and motives
self-awareness theory - ANSWER: The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves,
they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
4. Which is the best definition of an interdependent view
of the self?
a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other
people
b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts, feelings, and actions
, c . Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry - ANSWER: a
casual theories - ANSWER: Theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors; often we
learn such theories from our
culture (e.g., "absence makes the heart grow fonder")
self-perception theory - ANSWER: The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or
ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the
situation in which it occurs
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion - ANSWER: The idea that emotional
experience is the result of a
two-step self-perception process
in which people first experience
physiological arousal and then
seek an appropriate explanation
for it
Schachter and Singer (1962) - ANSWER: it shows that emotions can be the result of a self perception
process: People look for the most plausible explanation for their arousal. Sometimes the most
plausible explanation is not the right one, and so people end up experiencing a mistaken emotion. The
people who became angry or euphoric in the Schachter and Singer (1962) study did so because they
felt aroused and thought this
arousal was due to the obnoxious questionnaire or to the infectious, happy-go-lucky behavior of the
accomplice. The real cause of their arousal, the epinephrine, was hidden from them, so they relied on
situational cues to explain their behavior
misattribution of arousal - ANSWER: The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about
what
is causing them to feel the way they do
intrinsic motivation - ANSWER: The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it
interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures
extrinsic motivation - ANSWER: The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or
pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting
overjustification effect - ANSWER: The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by
compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the
extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons
task-contingent rewards - ANSWER: Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how
well the task is done
performance-contingent rewards - ANSWER: Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task
fixed mindset - ANSWER: The idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change
growth mindset - ANSWER: The idea that achievement is the result of hard work, trying new
strategies, and seeking input from others
social comparsion theory - ANSWER: The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by
comparing ourselves to other people
Timothy D. Wilson; Robin M. Akert; Samuel R Sommers
9780134641287 Chapter 1-13 Complete Guide .
Self-concept - ANSWER: The overall set of beliefs that people have about their personal
attributes
independent view of the self - ANSWER: A way of defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts,
feelings, and actions and not in terms of the thoughts, feelings,
and actions of other people
interdependent view of the self - ANSWER: A way of defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to
other
people, recognizing that one's behavior is often determined by
the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others
1. Which of the following is least likely to pass the "mirror· test
suggesting they have at least a rudimentary self -concept?
a. An orangutan
b . A chimpanzee
c . A 12-month-old human infant
d. A 3 -year-old human child - ANSWER: c
2. When thinking about other people, which of the following will
we see as most central to their self -concept?
a. Their morals
b . Their preferences and attitudes
c . Their physical attributes
d. Their memories - ANSWER: a
3. Which is the best definition of an independent view
of the self?
a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other
people
b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts, feelings, and actions
c . Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry - ANSWER: b
Introspection - ANSWER: The process whereby people look inward and examine their own
thoughts, feelings, and motives
self-awareness theory - ANSWER: The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves,
they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values
4. Which is the best definition of an interdependent view
of the self?
a. Defining oneself in terms of one's relationships to other
people
b. Defining oneself in terms of one's own internal
thoughts, feelings, and actions
, c . Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
d. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry - ANSWER: a
casual theories - ANSWER: Theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors; often we
learn such theories from our
culture (e.g., "absence makes the heart grow fonder")
self-perception theory - ANSWER: The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or
ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the
situation in which it occurs
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion - ANSWER: The idea that emotional
experience is the result of a
two-step self-perception process
in which people first experience
physiological arousal and then
seek an appropriate explanation
for it
Schachter and Singer (1962) - ANSWER: it shows that emotions can be the result of a self perception
process: People look for the most plausible explanation for their arousal. Sometimes the most
plausible explanation is not the right one, and so people end up experiencing a mistaken emotion. The
people who became angry or euphoric in the Schachter and Singer (1962) study did so because they
felt aroused and thought this
arousal was due to the obnoxious questionnaire or to the infectious, happy-go-lucky behavior of the
accomplice. The real cause of their arousal, the epinephrine, was hidden from them, so they relied on
situational cues to explain their behavior
misattribution of arousal - ANSWER: The process whereby people make mistaken inferences about
what
is causing them to feel the way they do
intrinsic motivation - ANSWER: The desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it
interesting, not because of external rewards or pressures
extrinsic motivation - ANSWER: The desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or
pressures, not because we enjoy the task or find it interesting
overjustification effect - ANSWER: The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by
compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the
extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons
task-contingent rewards - ANSWER: Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardless of how
well the task is done
performance-contingent rewards - ANSWER: Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task
fixed mindset - ANSWER: The idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change
growth mindset - ANSWER: The idea that achievement is the result of hard work, trying new
strategies, and seeking input from others
social comparsion theory - ANSWER: The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by
comparing ourselves to other people
