EXERCISE No.01
Basic Terminology of Animal Reproduction
1.Animal Reproduction:
Animal Reproduction may be define as the process in which the animals reproduce
themselves inorder to maintain their genrations.
OR
Animal Reproduction may be define as the process in which the animals reproduce
themselves and produce the offspring of their same kind inorder to maintain their generations
2.Theriogenology:
It is a branch of veterinary medicine which covers all the aspects of male and female
reproduction , Dr. Bartllet introduced term for the first time.
3.Gynecology :
It is branch of science which deals with female reproduction durind non pergnent period .
4.Andrology :
It covers physiological and pathological aspects of male reproduction.
5.Cervix:
Necklike opening to the uterus, remain close at the time pergnency,and open at the time of
parturition and estrous.
6.Clitoris:
Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
7.Copulation:
Act of sexual intercourse is called copulation.
8.Cowpers Gland:
Gland that release pre-ejaculate contributing to seminal fluid
9.Epididymis:
The storage site for sperm cells
10.Estrogen:
Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
11.Follicles:
clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into
the reproductive tract, where it can be fertilized
12.Gamete:
A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
13.Infundibulum:
funnel shaped end of the oviduct serves to catch the ovulated egg with the help of fingerlike
projections called fimbria. Transports the egg to the base of this structure towards the ampua
asthamus junction.
14.Labia Majora:
The two outer folds of the vulva
15.Labia Minora:
The two inner folds of the vulva
16.Ova:
Female reproductive cells; eggs
17.Ovary:
A structure containing egg cells
18.Oviducts:
One of two tubular structures that the egg travel through to get to the uterus,and is a site of
fertilization .
,19.Parturition:
The process of giving birth is called parturition.
20.Penis:
The male organ that transfers sperm to a female and that carries urine out of the body.
21.Progesterone:
A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral
cycle.
22.Prostate glands:
Releases alkaline solution to neutralize acidity of the vagina
23.Scrotum:
Two lobed sac that contains and protects the two testicles
24.Semen:
The thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract
25.Seminal Vesicles:
Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that will nourish the sperm
26.Sheath:
An enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal organ or part
27.Sigmoid Flexure:
The S-shaped bend in the non-erect penis of the bull, ram, and boar.
28.Sperm:
The male sex cell take part in fertilization
29.Testicles:
Primary male sex organ ,responsible for production of sperm, and testosterone
30.Testosterone:
Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex
characteristics
31.Uretha:
A large musclar canal extending from the urinary bladder
32.Uterine Horns:
The wider tube located at the end of the uterine tube and connected to the uterine body.
embryos develop within these tubes
33.Uterus:
organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
34.Vagina:
It is a tubular structure extend from urethra to the fornix vagina(external oss of cervix)
present in female reproductive tract act as a organ of copulation.
35.Vas deferens:
Essentially a transportation tube that carries the sperm containing fluid from epididymis to
the urethra
36.Vulva:
External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and the vaginal orifice
37.Zygote:
Fertilized egg is said to be zygote, formed by the union of sperm and egg in fallopian tube,
zygote is a diploid(2n) and unicellular structure before starting mitotic cell devision.
38.Puberty :
Puberty may be define as the age at which the male and female reproductive organ becomes
functional , animals will be capable to produce their young ones.
39.Artificial Insemination :
Artificial insemination may be define as the process of collection ,preservation and
deposition of semen in female reproductive tract artificially
, 40.Libido: Sexual desire of an animal is said to be libido.
41.lambing: act of parturition in sheep is said to be lambing
42.calving: act of parturition in cattles and buffalow is said to be lambing
43.kiding: act of parturition in goat is said to be kidding
44. whelping: act of parturition in bitch is said to be whelping
45.farrowing: act of parturition in sow is said to be farrowing.
46.capicitation: process of maturation of sperms in epididyumis before ejaculation and in
fallopian tube before fertilization
47. Fertilization: it is a process of union of sperm and eggs in fallopian tube of female
reproductive tract.
48.Abortion: it is a pre-mature birth or expulsion of immature foetus before completion its
gestration period ,it is may br due to physical,chemical and biological agents.
49.Dystocia: difficulty in parturition is said to be dystocia.
50. Eutocia: it is a process of normal birth.
51.primiparous: Refer to the animal who have parturate first time in his life is said to be
primiparous.
52.Multiparous: Refer to the animal who have parturate many times in his life, is said to be
multiparous.
53.Nulliparous: Refer to the animal who have never parturate in his life is said to be
nulliparous.
54.Monotococus: Refere to those animls who give only one youg one after completion of his
gestration period i.e cattle, buffalow ,camel etc
55.polytococus: : Refere to those animls who give more than one youg one after completion
of his gestration period i.e goat,sheep etc
56.Bicorneate : Type of uterus having large uterine horn and small uterine body i.e cattle,
buffalo, goat and sheep.
57.Bipartite: Type of uterus having large uterine body and reletivly small uterine horn i.e
Mare.
58.Simplex: Type of uterus having no uterine horn i.e human
59.Duplex : Type of uterus having two seprate cervical canal that inters in uterus and farm
two seprate chamber of uterus i.e Rabbit
60.clitoris: Highly inerveted and sensitive structure located in ventral commissure of vulva
of female reproductive tract , responsible for increasing sexual desire (Libido) .
OR
It can be define as highly innervated tissue (homologous to glans penis) located in the ventral
commissure that is very sensitive to tactile stimulation. Serve a role to control copulation.
Basic Terminology of Animal Reproduction
1.Animal Reproduction:
Animal Reproduction may be define as the process in which the animals reproduce
themselves inorder to maintain their genrations.
OR
Animal Reproduction may be define as the process in which the animals reproduce
themselves and produce the offspring of their same kind inorder to maintain their generations
2.Theriogenology:
It is a branch of veterinary medicine which covers all the aspects of male and female
reproduction , Dr. Bartllet introduced term for the first time.
3.Gynecology :
It is branch of science which deals with female reproduction durind non pergnent period .
4.Andrology :
It covers physiological and pathological aspects of male reproduction.
5.Cervix:
Necklike opening to the uterus, remain close at the time pergnency,and open at the time of
parturition and estrous.
6.Clitoris:
Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
7.Copulation:
Act of sexual intercourse is called copulation.
8.Cowpers Gland:
Gland that release pre-ejaculate contributing to seminal fluid
9.Epididymis:
The storage site for sperm cells
10.Estrogen:
Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
11.Follicles:
clusters of cells surrounding a single egg. Its function is to help an egg mature for release into
the reproductive tract, where it can be fertilized
12.Gamete:
A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
13.Infundibulum:
funnel shaped end of the oviduct serves to catch the ovulated egg with the help of fingerlike
projections called fimbria. Transports the egg to the base of this structure towards the ampua
asthamus junction.
14.Labia Majora:
The two outer folds of the vulva
15.Labia Minora:
The two inner folds of the vulva
16.Ova:
Female reproductive cells; eggs
17.Ovary:
A structure containing egg cells
18.Oviducts:
One of two tubular structures that the egg travel through to get to the uterus,and is a site of
fertilization .
,19.Parturition:
The process of giving birth is called parturition.
20.Penis:
The male organ that transfers sperm to a female and that carries urine out of the body.
21.Progesterone:
A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral
cycle.
22.Prostate glands:
Releases alkaline solution to neutralize acidity of the vagina
23.Scrotum:
Two lobed sac that contains and protects the two testicles
24.Semen:
The thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract
25.Seminal Vesicles:
Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that will nourish the sperm
26.Sheath:
An enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal organ or part
27.Sigmoid Flexure:
The S-shaped bend in the non-erect penis of the bull, ram, and boar.
28.Sperm:
The male sex cell take part in fertilization
29.Testicles:
Primary male sex organ ,responsible for production of sperm, and testosterone
30.Testosterone:
Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex
characteristics
31.Uretha:
A large musclar canal extending from the urinary bladder
32.Uterine Horns:
The wider tube located at the end of the uterine tube and connected to the uterine body.
embryos develop within these tubes
33.Uterus:
organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg can develop
34.Vagina:
It is a tubular structure extend from urethra to the fornix vagina(external oss of cervix)
present in female reproductive tract act as a organ of copulation.
35.Vas deferens:
Essentially a transportation tube that carries the sperm containing fluid from epididymis to
the urethra
36.Vulva:
External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and the vaginal orifice
37.Zygote:
Fertilized egg is said to be zygote, formed by the union of sperm and egg in fallopian tube,
zygote is a diploid(2n) and unicellular structure before starting mitotic cell devision.
38.Puberty :
Puberty may be define as the age at which the male and female reproductive organ becomes
functional , animals will be capable to produce their young ones.
39.Artificial Insemination :
Artificial insemination may be define as the process of collection ,preservation and
deposition of semen in female reproductive tract artificially
, 40.Libido: Sexual desire of an animal is said to be libido.
41.lambing: act of parturition in sheep is said to be lambing
42.calving: act of parturition in cattles and buffalow is said to be lambing
43.kiding: act of parturition in goat is said to be kidding
44. whelping: act of parturition in bitch is said to be whelping
45.farrowing: act of parturition in sow is said to be farrowing.
46.capicitation: process of maturation of sperms in epididyumis before ejaculation and in
fallopian tube before fertilization
47. Fertilization: it is a process of union of sperm and eggs in fallopian tube of female
reproductive tract.
48.Abortion: it is a pre-mature birth or expulsion of immature foetus before completion its
gestration period ,it is may br due to physical,chemical and biological agents.
49.Dystocia: difficulty in parturition is said to be dystocia.
50. Eutocia: it is a process of normal birth.
51.primiparous: Refer to the animal who have parturate first time in his life is said to be
primiparous.
52.Multiparous: Refer to the animal who have parturate many times in his life, is said to be
multiparous.
53.Nulliparous: Refer to the animal who have never parturate in his life is said to be
nulliparous.
54.Monotococus: Refere to those animls who give only one youg one after completion of his
gestration period i.e cattle, buffalow ,camel etc
55.polytococus: : Refere to those animls who give more than one youg one after completion
of his gestration period i.e goat,sheep etc
56.Bicorneate : Type of uterus having large uterine horn and small uterine body i.e cattle,
buffalo, goat and sheep.
57.Bipartite: Type of uterus having large uterine body and reletivly small uterine horn i.e
Mare.
58.Simplex: Type of uterus having no uterine horn i.e human
59.Duplex : Type of uterus having two seprate cervical canal that inters in uterus and farm
two seprate chamber of uterus i.e Rabbit
60.clitoris: Highly inerveted and sensitive structure located in ventral commissure of vulva
of female reproductive tract , responsible for increasing sexual desire (Libido) .
OR
It can be define as highly innervated tissue (homologous to glans penis) located in the ventral
commissure that is very sensitive to tactile stimulation. Serve a role to control copulation.
