Veterinary Anesthesia
Dr. Faiz
, Pain
• Pain is the protective mechanism or warning to prevent from
further injuries .
• Nociceptors is called pain receptors.
• These are free nerve endings in skin that respond only to intense,
potentially damaging stimuli (mechanical, thermal or chemical).
• The joint, skeletal muscle, facia, tendons and cornea have also
nociceptors.
,• Large internal organs do not contain nerve endings
• Polymodal nociceptors respond to all three type of stimuli.
• Histamine, bradykinin, acetylcholine, serotonin and substance P are
chemical that increase transmission of Pain.
• Prostaglandins are chemical substances that are believed to increase
sensitivity of pain recepters by enhancing pain provoking effect of
bradykinin.
, • Two type of fiber involved in transmission of nonicepters
• Myelinated, Delta fiber – fast pain
• Type c fiber, second pain.
Chemical that reduce or inhabit the transmission or perception of pain
include endorphins and enkephalins.
Analgesia Analgesic = Anesthesia Anesthetics.
Dr. Faiz
, Pain
• Pain is the protective mechanism or warning to prevent from
further injuries .
• Nociceptors is called pain receptors.
• These are free nerve endings in skin that respond only to intense,
potentially damaging stimuli (mechanical, thermal or chemical).
• The joint, skeletal muscle, facia, tendons and cornea have also
nociceptors.
,• Large internal organs do not contain nerve endings
• Polymodal nociceptors respond to all three type of stimuli.
• Histamine, bradykinin, acetylcholine, serotonin and substance P are
chemical that increase transmission of Pain.
• Prostaglandins are chemical substances that are believed to increase
sensitivity of pain recepters by enhancing pain provoking effect of
bradykinin.
, • Two type of fiber involved in transmission of nonicepters
• Myelinated, Delta fiber – fast pain
• Type c fiber, second pain.
Chemical that reduce or inhabit the transmission or perception of pain
include endorphins and enkephalins.
Analgesia Analgesic = Anesthesia Anesthetics.
