Chapter 2: Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. How does oxidative stress occur?
1. In cells that undergo transient ischemia and subsequent resumption of circulation
2. When estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast gland cells
3. When a blood clot that obstructs a coronary artery causes cardiac muscle ischemia
4. When a cell’s environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
2. A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long
enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition.
1. Organelle disruption
2. Hypoxia
3. Xanthelasma
4. Ischemic-reperfusion injury
3. What is the process whereby newly growing cells acquire the specialized structure and function of the cells
they replace?
1. Apoptosis
2. Differentiation
3. Oxidative phosphorylation
4. Atherosclerosis
4. What is kwashiorkor?
1. A condition seen in individuals suffering from severe protein starvation
2. A condition where blood pressure within the aorta and systemic arterial circulation is
elevated
3. A condition where prostate gland cells increase in number because of testosterone
stimulation
4. A condition that causes defective cholesterol metabolism
5. What are the unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes?
1. Histology
2. Biopsy
3. Autopsy
4. None of the above
6. A client is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death. Which condition
is the client most likely to have?
1. Xanthomas
2. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Anthracosis
7. Which field involves harvesting of embryonic stem cells and performing nuclear transfer on these cells?
1. Reproductive cloning
2. Restoration with stem cells
3. Transplantation
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
, 4. Therapeutic cloning
8. A nurse observes that a client has developed a foul odor in the spots where necrosis of tissue has developed.
What organism causes the emission of this foul odor?
1. Streptococcus
2. Helicobacter pylori
3. Clostridium perfringens
4. Human papilloma virus
9. A client is diagnosed with cellular apoptosis. Which disease can this condition lead to?
1. Cancer
2. Degenerative neurological diseases
3. Necrosis
4. Infarction
10. A client is suffering from prolonged ischemia and tissue death. Which term can be used to refer to such tissue
death?
1. Gangrene
2. Infarction
3. Necrosis
4. Apoptosis
11. A client comes in with persistently uncontrolled hypertension. The nurse informs the client’s spouse that one
of the consequences of prolonged raised blood pressure is a weakened area in the wall of the cerebral artery,
located on the Circle of Willis. What is this condition known as?
1. Xanthelasma
2. Infarction
3. Berry aneurysm
4. Ischemia
12. While conducting an endoscopic examination on a client, it is found that the client has acid reflex. Which
condition is associated with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in which cell injury is reversible?
1. Parkinson’s disease
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Barrett’s esophagus
4. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
13. Which body part contains pluripotent stem cells?
1. Umbilical cord
2. Skeletal muscle
3. Cardiac muscle
4. None of the above
14. A client has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can
such a condition be reversed?
1. Restoration of blood circulation
2. Hormone therapy to counteract the effects of excessive estrogen
3. Surgical removal
4. Acid suppression treatment
15. Which organ is most susceptible to damage and death due to prolonged ischemia?
1. Brain
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
, 2. Skeletal muscles
3. Heart
4. None of the above
16. A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed. What is the
best method to do this?
1. Necrosis
2. Apoptosis
3. Infarction
4. Gangrene
17. Which is the most prevalent method to replace permanently injured tissues and organs?
1. Stem cell restoration
2. Therapeutic cloning
3. Reproductive cloning
4. Transplantation
18. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of arterial walls. Which condition acts as an initiator of
arteriosclerosis?
1. Apoptosis
2. Endothelial cell injury
3. Necrosis
4. Infarction
19. What is the weakened area in an arterial wall called?
1. Neoplasia
2. Aneurysm
3. Hypertrophy
4. Metaplasia
20. The increase in size of a weightlifter’s muscles is due to muscular
1. Hypertrophy
2. Metaplasia
3. Atrophy
4. Dysplasia
21. A client reports an itchy, bumpy scar around an old wound that is identified as a keloid. This occurs due to the
increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Which term best describes this condition?
1. Neoplasia
2. Hyperplasia
3. Dysplasia
4. Metaplasia
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
22. Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Select all that apply.
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin C
3. Vitamin D
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. How does oxidative stress occur?
1. In cells that undergo transient ischemia and subsequent resumption of circulation
2. When estrogen stimulation results in mitotic division of breast gland cells
3. When a blood clot that obstructs a coronary artery causes cardiac muscle ischemia
4. When a cell’s environment cannot support its metabolic requirements
2. A client is diagnosed with a condition in which the brain cells cannot withstand low oxygen delivery long
enough for cell reversible changes to happen. Identify the condition.
1. Organelle disruption
2. Hypoxia
3. Xanthelasma
4. Ischemic-reperfusion injury
3. What is the process whereby newly growing cells acquire the specialized structure and function of the cells
they replace?
1. Apoptosis
2. Differentiation
3. Oxidative phosphorylation
4. Atherosclerosis
4. What is kwashiorkor?
1. A condition seen in individuals suffering from severe protein starvation
2. A condition where blood pressure within the aorta and systemic arterial circulation is
elevated
3. A condition where prostate gland cells increase in number because of testosterone
stimulation
4. A condition that causes defective cholesterol metabolism
5. What are the unique histological findings that represent distinct disease processes?
1. Histology
2. Biopsy
3. Autopsy
4. None of the above
6. A client is diagnosed with failure of the thyroid gland due to increase in apoptotic cell death. Which condition
is the client most likely to have?
1. Xanthomas
2. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Anthracosis
7. Which field involves harvesting of embryonic stem cells and performing nuclear transfer on these cells?
1. Reproductive cloning
2. Restoration with stem cells
3. Transplantation
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
, 4. Therapeutic cloning
8. A nurse observes that a client has developed a foul odor in the spots where necrosis of tissue has developed.
What organism causes the emission of this foul odor?
1. Streptococcus
2. Helicobacter pylori
3. Clostridium perfringens
4. Human papilloma virus
9. A client is diagnosed with cellular apoptosis. Which disease can this condition lead to?
1. Cancer
2. Degenerative neurological diseases
3. Necrosis
4. Infarction
10. A client is suffering from prolonged ischemia and tissue death. Which term can be used to refer to such tissue
death?
1. Gangrene
2. Infarction
3. Necrosis
4. Apoptosis
11. A client comes in with persistently uncontrolled hypertension. The nurse informs the client’s spouse that one
of the consequences of prolonged raised blood pressure is a weakened area in the wall of the cerebral artery,
located on the Circle of Willis. What is this condition known as?
1. Xanthelasma
2. Infarction
3. Berry aneurysm
4. Ischemia
12. While conducting an endoscopic examination on a client, it is found that the client has acid reflex. Which
condition is associated with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in which cell injury is reversible?
1. Parkinson’s disease
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Barrett’s esophagus
4. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
13. Which body part contains pluripotent stem cells?
1. Umbilical cord
2. Skeletal muscle
3. Cardiac muscle
4. None of the above
14. A client has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can
such a condition be reversed?
1. Restoration of blood circulation
2. Hormone therapy to counteract the effects of excessive estrogen
3. Surgical removal
4. Acid suppression treatment
15. Which organ is most susceptible to damage and death due to prolonged ischemia?
1. Brain
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
, 2. Skeletal muscles
3. Heart
4. None of the above
16. A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed. What is the
best method to do this?
1. Necrosis
2. Apoptosis
3. Infarction
4. Gangrene
17. Which is the most prevalent method to replace permanently injured tissues and organs?
1. Stem cell restoration
2. Therapeutic cloning
3. Reproductive cloning
4. Transplantation
18. Arteriosclerosis is the thickening and hardening of arterial walls. Which condition acts as an initiator of
arteriosclerosis?
1. Apoptosis
2. Endothelial cell injury
3. Necrosis
4. Infarction
19. What is the weakened area in an arterial wall called?
1. Neoplasia
2. Aneurysm
3. Hypertrophy
4. Metaplasia
20. The increase in size of a weightlifter’s muscles is due to muscular
1. Hypertrophy
2. Metaplasia
3. Atrophy
4. Dysplasia
21. A client reports an itchy, bumpy scar around an old wound that is identified as a keloid. This occurs due to the
increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ. Which term best describes this condition?
1. Neoplasia
2. Hyperplasia
3. Dysplasia
4. Metaplasia
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
22. Which vitamins are fat-soluble? Select all that apply.
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin C
3. Vitamin D
Copyright © 2016 F. A. Davis Company
