Chapter 20, Respiratory Inflammation and Infection
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which unique respiratory infection is caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain
dormant in the body?
1. Dyspnea
2. Tuberculosis (TB)
3. Pulmonary aspiration
4. Cough
2. Which term refers to the process of coughing up sputum?
1. Expectoration
2. Hemoptysis
3. Atelectasis
4. Hypoxia
3. The health-care provider prescribes continuous monitoring of a client’s oxygen saturation of
hemoglobin. Which method of monitoring does the nurse initiate?
1. Bronchoscopy
2. Computerized tomography
3. Pulse oximetry
4. Arterial blood gases
4. Which condition results in lung tissue filling up with fluid or pus, inflammatory cells, and fibrin?
1. Pneumonia
2. Acute bronchitis
3. Tracheitis
4. Acute rhinitis
5. Which bacterium is responsible for pneumonia in a client with HIV infection?
1. Pneumocystis carinii
2. Pneumocystis jiroveci
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6. Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of
purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis, and a central area of liquefaction?
1. Lung abscess
2. Myringitis
3. Tuberculosis
4. Tracheitis
7. The nurse is reviewing the process of gas exchange. Which knowledge does the nurse apply to the
relationship of red blood cells (RBCs) and oxygenation?
1. Carbon dioxide levels stimulate the production of RBCs.
2. RBCs are oxygen saturated if the PaO2 reaches 60 mm Hg.
, 3. Oxygen combines loosely with the heme in hemoglobin.
4. The desaturation of hemoglobin promotes tissue oxygenation.
8. The nurse educator is teaching staff nurses about pneumonia. Which statement shows proper
learning about pneumonia by an attending nurse?
1. “Pneumonia causes more deaths in the United States than any other infection.”
2. “Hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP) is contracted immediately with hospital
admission.”
3. “The Pseudomonas microorganism is responsible for pneumonia that is spread by
water.”
4. “The risk of HAP is exclusive to clients who are on a respirator.”
9. While examining a client, the primary health-care provider finds the client has symptoms that
include cough, fever, sore throat, and general malaise. Physical assessment findings include mucus
production and rhonchi. Which treatment does the primary health-care provider administer to the
client?
1. Bronchodilator and antibiotics
2. IV fluids and humidified oxygen
3. Antibiotics and surgical treatment
4. Adequate hydration and nutrition
10. The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about acute sinusitis. Which statement by a student
indicates proper learning about sinusitis?
1. “Sinusitis can be divided into acute and subacute sinusitis.”
2. “Chronic sinusitis involNveUs R
inSflING
ammTatB
io.
nCoO
f tM
he sinuses, which is cured within a
week.”
3. “Virus, bacteria, or both organism types may be responsible for acute sinusitis.”
4. “Mucolytic agents are used to treat the infection.”
11. While reviewing a client’s prescriptions, the nurse finds that the primary health-care provider has
prescribed antihistamines and antipyretics. The nurse observes that a corticosteroid
anti-inflammatory nasal spray has also been advised in the prescription. Which condition does the
nurse infer from the prescriptions?
1. The prescription provides medication for pharyngitis.
2. The prescription provides medication for sinusitis.
3. The prescription provides medication for rhinitis.
4. The prescription provides medication for tonsillitis.
12. During assessment of a client’s physical findings, the nurse ascertains the client has red, swollen,
inflamed pharynx and tonsils. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
1. Laryngitis
2. Acute bronchitis
3. Lung abscess
4. Epiglottitis
13. During the physical assessment of a client, the primary health-care provider observes facial pain.
The client states the pain gets worse when leaning forward. Which conclusion does the primary
health-care provider reach about the client’s diagnosis?
, 1. Sinusitis
2. Pharyngitis
3. Epiglottitis
4. Tonsillitis
14. In the prescribed care of a client, the nurse is aware of treatment involving decongestants,
antihistamines, saline sprays, and heated mists. Which condition does the nurse recognize as being
treated by these types of medications?
1. Pharyngitis
2. Sinusitis
3. Tracheitis
4. Acute bronchitis
15. While studying the vocal resonance in the client’s physical assessment report, the nurse observes
that the egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are bringing out a crackle in the
client’s voice. Which condition does the nurse identify from the readings?
1. The client is suffering from acute bronchitis.
2. The client is suffering from pneumonia.
3. The client is suffering from lung abscess.
4. The client is suffering from tuberculosis (TB).
16. The nurse educator is reviewing the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB) with staff nurses. Which
statement confirms understanding by an attending nurse?
1. “The Mycobacterium tuberculi get absorbed through the perspiration of an
individual.”
2. “The calcified lesion in TB is called the Ghon’s focus.”
3. “The cheeselike necrotic lung tissue is called the caseous necrosis.”
4. “The TB organism is anaerobic.”
17. The nurse is assigned to care for a client diagnosed with a lung abscess. Which information does the
nurse understand about the origin and risk factors leading to lung abscess?
1. One of the most prominent risk factors includes obesity.
2. Lung abscesses lead to the complication of bacterial pneumonia.
3. Intraoral drug use poses a risk factor for lung abscess.
4. Staphylococcal endocarditis is a source of lung abscesses.
18. A client is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Which medication does the nurse expect the primary
health-care provider to prescribe as a treatment?
1. Penicillin
2. Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray
3. Mucolytic preparations
4. Acetaminophen
19. A client admitted with a lung abscess has developed an area of pulmonary tissue necrosis. Which is
the most appropriate treatment to manage this complication?
1. Surgical treatment
2. Adequate hydration and nutrition
3. Humidified oxygen
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which unique respiratory infection is caused by a resilient bacterial organism that can remain
dormant in the body?
1. Dyspnea
2. Tuberculosis (TB)
3. Pulmonary aspiration
4. Cough
2. Which term refers to the process of coughing up sputum?
1. Expectoration
2. Hemoptysis
3. Atelectasis
4. Hypoxia
3. The health-care provider prescribes continuous monitoring of a client’s oxygen saturation of
hemoglobin. Which method of monitoring does the nurse initiate?
1. Bronchoscopy
2. Computerized tomography
3. Pulse oximetry
4. Arterial blood gases
4. Which condition results in lung tissue filling up with fluid or pus, inflammatory cells, and fibrin?
1. Pneumonia
2. Acute bronchitis
3. Tracheitis
4. Acute rhinitis
5. Which bacterium is responsible for pneumonia in a client with HIV infection?
1. Pneumocystis carinii
2. Pneumocystis jiroveci
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6. Which pulmonary condition is caused by infiltration of bacteria, resulting in a localized area of
purulent inflammation, tissue necrosis, and a central area of liquefaction?
1. Lung abscess
2. Myringitis
3. Tuberculosis
4. Tracheitis
7. The nurse is reviewing the process of gas exchange. Which knowledge does the nurse apply to the
relationship of red blood cells (RBCs) and oxygenation?
1. Carbon dioxide levels stimulate the production of RBCs.
2. RBCs are oxygen saturated if the PaO2 reaches 60 mm Hg.
, 3. Oxygen combines loosely with the heme in hemoglobin.
4. The desaturation of hemoglobin promotes tissue oxygenation.
8. The nurse educator is teaching staff nurses about pneumonia. Which statement shows proper
learning about pneumonia by an attending nurse?
1. “Pneumonia causes more deaths in the United States than any other infection.”
2. “Hospital-associated pneumonia (HAP) is contracted immediately with hospital
admission.”
3. “The Pseudomonas microorganism is responsible for pneumonia that is spread by
water.”
4. “The risk of HAP is exclusive to clients who are on a respirator.”
9. While examining a client, the primary health-care provider finds the client has symptoms that
include cough, fever, sore throat, and general malaise. Physical assessment findings include mucus
production and rhonchi. Which treatment does the primary health-care provider administer to the
client?
1. Bronchodilator and antibiotics
2. IV fluids and humidified oxygen
3. Antibiotics and surgical treatment
4. Adequate hydration and nutrition
10. The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about acute sinusitis. Which statement by a student
indicates proper learning about sinusitis?
1. “Sinusitis can be divided into acute and subacute sinusitis.”
2. “Chronic sinusitis involNveUs R
inSflING
ammTatB
io.
nCoO
f tM
he sinuses, which is cured within a
week.”
3. “Virus, bacteria, or both organism types may be responsible for acute sinusitis.”
4. “Mucolytic agents are used to treat the infection.”
11. While reviewing a client’s prescriptions, the nurse finds that the primary health-care provider has
prescribed antihistamines and antipyretics. The nurse observes that a corticosteroid
anti-inflammatory nasal spray has also been advised in the prescription. Which condition does the
nurse infer from the prescriptions?
1. The prescription provides medication for pharyngitis.
2. The prescription provides medication for sinusitis.
3. The prescription provides medication for rhinitis.
4. The prescription provides medication for tonsillitis.
12. During assessment of a client’s physical findings, the nurse ascertains the client has red, swollen,
inflamed pharynx and tonsils. Which condition does the nurse suspect?
1. Laryngitis
2. Acute bronchitis
3. Lung abscess
4. Epiglottitis
13. During the physical assessment of a client, the primary health-care provider observes facial pain.
The client states the pain gets worse when leaning forward. Which conclusion does the primary
health-care provider reach about the client’s diagnosis?
, 1. Sinusitis
2. Pharyngitis
3. Epiglottitis
4. Tonsillitis
14. In the prescribed care of a client, the nurse is aware of treatment involving decongestants,
antihistamines, saline sprays, and heated mists. Which condition does the nurse recognize as being
treated by these types of medications?
1. Pharyngitis
2. Sinusitis
3. Tracheitis
4. Acute bronchitis
15. While studying the vocal resonance in the client’s physical assessment report, the nurse observes
that the egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy are bringing out a crackle in the
client’s voice. Which condition does the nurse identify from the readings?
1. The client is suffering from acute bronchitis.
2. The client is suffering from pneumonia.
3. The client is suffering from lung abscess.
4. The client is suffering from tuberculosis (TB).
16. The nurse educator is reviewing the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB) with staff nurses. Which
statement confirms understanding by an attending nurse?
1. “The Mycobacterium tuberculi get absorbed through the perspiration of an
individual.”
2. “The calcified lesion in TB is called the Ghon’s focus.”
3. “The cheeselike necrotic lung tissue is called the caseous necrosis.”
4. “The TB organism is anaerobic.”
17. The nurse is assigned to care for a client diagnosed with a lung abscess. Which information does the
nurse understand about the origin and risk factors leading to lung abscess?
1. One of the most prominent risk factors includes obesity.
2. Lung abscesses lead to the complication of bacterial pneumonia.
3. Intraoral drug use poses a risk factor for lung abscess.
4. Staphylococcal endocarditis is a source of lung abscesses.
18. A client is diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Which medication does the nurse expect the primary
health-care provider to prescribe as a treatment?
1. Penicillin
2. Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory nasal spray
3. Mucolytic preparations
4. Acetaminophen
19. A client admitted with a lung abscess has developed an area of pulmonary tissue necrosis. Which is
the most appropriate treatment to manage this complication?
1. Surgical treatment
2. Adequate hydration and nutrition
3. Humidified oxygen
