D027 Advanced Pathopharmacology Actual practice exam updated questions & answers rated A+

1. During the body's inflammatory process, what causes edema? Increased capillary permeability 2. A 56-year-old diabetic patient has not taken his insulin in 4 days due to him” feeling well without it”. He is admitted to the ED with an elevated blood sugar. What electrolyte should be assessed FIRST? Potassium Feedback: ANS: C - Insulin facilitates the intracellular transport of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium. Without insulin, potassium does not get transported to the intracellular environment and the serum potassium will rise. 3. A 46-year-old women is considering having another child. The healthcare providers are explaining to the woman that children born to women late in life have an increase rate in having children with which condition. Down syndrome Feedback: Down syndrome risk increases with Maternal age. 4. A patient with several risk factors is concerned about developing type 2 diabetes. The healthcare professional advises the patient to lose weight, explaining that obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus because it causes what? Increased resistance to insulin in the cells Feedback: People with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffer from insulin resistance. Obesity causes this resistance so their cells have difficulty using insulin. Obesity does not lead to reduced insulin production, obstructed insulin outflow, or stimulation of glucose production. 5. When evaluating a patient for hypertensive target organ damage, the APRN looks for evidence of: Left ventricular hypertrophy 6. On ultrasound a patient had 4-chamber dilation with an ejection fraction of 15% and a pleural effusion on chest x-ray. Elevated liver function tests, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesema are seen on lab results. Blood pressure is 115/60 and heart rate is 110 bpm with regular rate and rhythm, respiratory rate 30 bpm and O2 saturation is 88% on room air. Initial therapy should include all of the following except: Digoxin 7. A patient in the emergency department is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI). The initial cardiac troponin 1 level was negative. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Schedule repeat troponin within a few hours. Feedback: Several cardiac biomarkers exist including the most specific, cardiac troponin 1 (cTnI), cTnI begins to rise within 2 to 4 hours after cardiac injury, so if the initial result is normal, the test should be repeated within 6 to 9 hours and again at 12 to 24 hours. It is not known yet if the patient has had an MI so treatment with thrombolytic therapy and/or catheterization would be premature. The patient should not be discharged since the professional suspected an MI. 8. Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach Feedback: A common cause of elevated levels of ADH secretion is ectopically produced ADH by tumors, such as small cell carcinoma of the duodenum, stomach, and pancreas; cancers of the bladder, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and sarcomas. High doses of antiinflammatory medications are a risk factor, but acetaminophen is not an antiinflammatory medication. Surgery within the last 5 to 7 leads to increased ADH secretion. Kidney disease does not lead to excess levels of ADH. 9. A post-operative patient with gallbladder surgery has an epidural infusion of Astramorph. The patients respiratory rate starts to decline to 9 breaths/minute. Which medication should the healthcare provider anticipate administering to this patient? Naloxone Feedback: Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist that can reverse the effect of both adverse and therapeutic use of opioid narcotic analgesics.