NURS 5315 Final COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A /.patient /.in /.respiratory /.distress /.and /.is /.breathing /.33 /.breaths /.per /.minute. /.Which /.ABG /.value /.
is /.consistent /.with /.the /.clinical /.scenario?
PCO2 /.15
pH /.7.30
pH /.7.45
O2 /.sat /.100% /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
A /.patient /.who /.is /.breathing /.33 /.breaths /.per /.minute /.is /.hyperventilating /.and /.blowing /.off /.CO2;
/.therefore /.the /.PCO2 /.level /.will /.be /.low. /.The /.patient /.will /.most /.likely /.experience /.a /.respiratory
/.alkalosis /.and /.the /.two /.pH /.values /.provided /.are /.not /.consistent /.with /.this /.diagnosis.
A /.patient /.has /.a /.sodium /.level /.of /.115 /.mEq/
L /.and /.is /.disoriented /.and /.lethargic. /.Which /.pathological /.process /.best /.explains /.this /.patient's /.sy
mptoms?
a. /.The /.action /.potential /.has /.become /.hyperpolarized.
b. /.Water /.has /.shifted /.into /.the /.neurons /.and /.caused /.them /.to /.swell.
c. /.Water /.has /.shifted /.into /.the /.vascular /.space /.and /.dehydrated /.the /.neurons.
d. /.The /.action /.potential /.has /.become /.hypopolarized. /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
b. /.The /.cause /.of /.neurologic /.symptoms /.associated /.with /.a /.sodium /.imbalance /.is /.directly /.related
/.to /.fluid /.shifting /.into /.or /.out /.of /.the /.neurons /.of /.the /.brain. /.With /.a /.serum /.sodium /.of /.115 /.
mEq/L, /.water /.shifts /.into /.the /.neurons /.and /.causes /.them /.to /.swell. /.Hypernatremia /.causes /.wate
r /.to /.shift /.out /.of /.the /.cell /.into /.the /.intravascular /.space /.and /.causes /.the /.neurons /.to /.become /.
dehydrated. /.An /.alteration /.in /.the /.action /.potential /.is /.not /.seen /.with /.sodium /.imbalances.
A /.patient /.experiencing /.dehydration /.should /.be /.monitored /.for /.which /.electrolyte /.imbalance?
,a. /.Hyperkalemia
b. /.Hypocalcemia
c. /.Hypercalcemia
d. /.Hyponatermia /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
a. /.Serum /.osmolality /.is /.increased /.during /.times /.of /.dehydration. /.An /.elevated /.serum /.osmolality /
.will /.pull /.potassium /.into /.the /.intravascular /.space /.from /.the /.intracellular /.space /.and /.cause /.a /.ris
e /.in /.serum /.potassium.
A /.married /.couple /.presents /.to /.your /.office /.for /.genetic /.counseling. /.The /.husband /.has /.an /.autos
omal /.recessive /.disease /.and /.his /.wife /.has /.a /.heterozygous /.genotype /.for /.the /.disease. /.They /.ask
/.you, /.What /.is /.the /.chance /.that /.our /.baby /.will /.have /.the /.disease? /.Which /.of /.the /.following /.ans
wers /.is /.correct?
25%
50%
75%
100% /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
A /.chromosome /.is /.a /.package /.of /.material /.located /.inside /.the /.cell /.nucleus /.which /.is /.made /.of /.
proteins /.and /.a /.single /.molecule /.of /.DNA. /.There /.are /.23 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes /.in /.each /.huma
n /.cell /.for /.a /.total /.of /.46 /.chromosomes. /.Chromosomes /.are /.separated /.into /.two /.identical /.sets /.
during /.mitosis /.or /.meiosis. /.This /.provides /.a /.set /.of /.chromosomes /.to /.each /.daughter /.cell /.which
/.results /.from /.cell /.division. /.This /.process /.is /.responsible /.for /.the /.transfer /.of /.genetic /.information
/.to /.the /.daughter /.cells. /.The /.first /.22 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes /.are /.known /.as /.autosomes. /.The /.2
3rd /.pair /.of /.chromosomes /.is /.the /.pair /.which /.contains /.the /.genetic /.information /.for /.gender. /.Thi
s /.pair /.contains /.the /.genetic /.information /.which /.delineates /.between /.the /.male /.and /.female /.gen
ders. /.Females /.have /.two /.X /.chromosomes /.
(XX) /.and /.males /.have /.an /.XY /.chromosome /.pair. /.Autosomal /.chromosomes /.are /.said /.to /.be /.auto
logous. /.This /.means /.they /.do /.not /.carry /.genetic /.information /.pertaining /.to /.gender. /.Autosomal /.g
enetic /.diseases /.are /.carried /.on /.the /.first /.22 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes. /.Sex-
linked /.diseases /.are /.only /.carried /.on /.the /.23rd /.pair /.of /.chromosomes. /.The /.autosomal /.chromoso
mes /.are /.nearly /.identical /.to /.one /.another /.and /.are /.considered /.homologous /.to /.one /.another. /.E
ach /.autosomal /.chromosome /.in /.a /.pair /.carries /.identical /.genes. /.These /.two /.genes /.are /.known /.a
s /.alleles. /.The /.alleles /.occupy /.the /.same /.site /.on /.each /.partner /.of /.the /.chromosome /.pair /.and /.c
ode /.for /.the /.same /.genetic /.trait /.or /.physiologic /.function. /.Alleles /.can /.be /.dominant /.or /.recessive
. /.One /.allele /.may /.be /.dominant /.and /.the /.other /.recessive, /.or /.they /.both /.may /.be /.dominant /.or
/.both /.recessive. /.The /.dominant /.alleles' /.genetic /.code /.will /.always /.manifest /.in /.the /.individual's /.
phenotype. /.The /.information /.in /.the /.recessive /.allele /.is /.typically /.not /.expressed /.in /.the /.phenoty
, pe /.unless /.both /.alleles /.are /.recessive. /.For /.the /.purpose /.of /.clarity /.in /.use, /.the /.dominant /.gene /.
is /.assigned /.a /.capital /.letter /.and /.the /.recessive /.gene /.is /.a
A /.child /.is /.diagnosed /.with /.hemophilia. /.This /.is /.an /.example /.of /.which /.genetic /.concept?
Phenotype
Genotype
Autosomal /.transmission /.of /.the /.disease
Transcription /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
The /.expression /.of /.a /.genetic /.disease /.is /.an /.example /.of /.a /.phenotype. /.A /.genotype /.is /.a /.gene's
/.programming. /.Hemophilia /.is /.transmitted /.on /.the /.x-
chromosome /.and /.is /.not /.transmitted /.via /.the /.autosomes. /.This /.is /.not /.an /.example /.of /.transcrip
tion.
Dehydration /.triggers /.which /.physiologic /.response?
Increased /.secretion /.of /.renin.
Increase /.secretion /.of /.natriuretic /.peptides.
Decreased /.secretion /.of /.antidiuretic /.hormone.
Decreased /.serum /.osmolality. /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
Dehydration /.will /.trigger /.the /.release /.of /.renin /.when /.renal /.perfusion /.is /.impaired. /.The /.other /.a
nswers /.are /.seen /.during /.times /.of /.fluid /.volume /.overload.
A /.patient /.on /.hydrochlorothiazide /.has /.a /.pH /.of /.7.49 /.and /.a /.bicarbonate /.of /.30. /.Which /.of /.the
/.following /.pathological /.processes /.best /.explains /.the /.abnormal /.lab /.values?
a. /.An /.accumulation /.of /.pancreatic /.bicarbonate /.secondary /.to /.vomiting /.and /.loss /.of /.hydrochloric
/.acid
b. /.An /.increased /.absorption /.of /.Na+ /.and /.HCO3- /.in /.the /.proximal /.renal /.tubule /.secondary /.to /.in
creased /.aldosterone /.secretion
c /.Excessive /.exhalation /.of /.CO2 /.secondary /.to /.hyperventilation
d. /.Distal /.renal /.tubular /.dysfunction /.causing /.an /.accumulation /.of /.hydrogen /.ions /.- /.
(correct /.answer) /.-
The /.pH /.value /.and /.bicarbonate /.value /.are /.consistent /.with /.a /.metabolic /.alkalosis. /.The /.most /.lik
ely /.cause /.of /.the /.metabolic /.alkalosis /.is /.the /.use /.of /.the /.hydrochlorothiazide /.
ANSWERS
A /.patient /.in /.respiratory /.distress /.and /.is /.breathing /.33 /.breaths /.per /.minute. /.Which /.ABG /.value /.
is /.consistent /.with /.the /.clinical /.scenario?
PCO2 /.15
pH /.7.30
pH /.7.45
O2 /.sat /.100% /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
A /.patient /.who /.is /.breathing /.33 /.breaths /.per /.minute /.is /.hyperventilating /.and /.blowing /.off /.CO2;
/.therefore /.the /.PCO2 /.level /.will /.be /.low. /.The /.patient /.will /.most /.likely /.experience /.a /.respiratory
/.alkalosis /.and /.the /.two /.pH /.values /.provided /.are /.not /.consistent /.with /.this /.diagnosis.
A /.patient /.has /.a /.sodium /.level /.of /.115 /.mEq/
L /.and /.is /.disoriented /.and /.lethargic. /.Which /.pathological /.process /.best /.explains /.this /.patient's /.sy
mptoms?
a. /.The /.action /.potential /.has /.become /.hyperpolarized.
b. /.Water /.has /.shifted /.into /.the /.neurons /.and /.caused /.them /.to /.swell.
c. /.Water /.has /.shifted /.into /.the /.vascular /.space /.and /.dehydrated /.the /.neurons.
d. /.The /.action /.potential /.has /.become /.hypopolarized. /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
b. /.The /.cause /.of /.neurologic /.symptoms /.associated /.with /.a /.sodium /.imbalance /.is /.directly /.related
/.to /.fluid /.shifting /.into /.or /.out /.of /.the /.neurons /.of /.the /.brain. /.With /.a /.serum /.sodium /.of /.115 /.
mEq/L, /.water /.shifts /.into /.the /.neurons /.and /.causes /.them /.to /.swell. /.Hypernatremia /.causes /.wate
r /.to /.shift /.out /.of /.the /.cell /.into /.the /.intravascular /.space /.and /.causes /.the /.neurons /.to /.become /.
dehydrated. /.An /.alteration /.in /.the /.action /.potential /.is /.not /.seen /.with /.sodium /.imbalances.
A /.patient /.experiencing /.dehydration /.should /.be /.monitored /.for /.which /.electrolyte /.imbalance?
,a. /.Hyperkalemia
b. /.Hypocalcemia
c. /.Hypercalcemia
d. /.Hyponatermia /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
a. /.Serum /.osmolality /.is /.increased /.during /.times /.of /.dehydration. /.An /.elevated /.serum /.osmolality /
.will /.pull /.potassium /.into /.the /.intravascular /.space /.from /.the /.intracellular /.space /.and /.cause /.a /.ris
e /.in /.serum /.potassium.
A /.married /.couple /.presents /.to /.your /.office /.for /.genetic /.counseling. /.The /.husband /.has /.an /.autos
omal /.recessive /.disease /.and /.his /.wife /.has /.a /.heterozygous /.genotype /.for /.the /.disease. /.They /.ask
/.you, /.What /.is /.the /.chance /.that /.our /.baby /.will /.have /.the /.disease? /.Which /.of /.the /.following /.ans
wers /.is /.correct?
25%
50%
75%
100% /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
A /.chromosome /.is /.a /.package /.of /.material /.located /.inside /.the /.cell /.nucleus /.which /.is /.made /.of /.
proteins /.and /.a /.single /.molecule /.of /.DNA. /.There /.are /.23 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes /.in /.each /.huma
n /.cell /.for /.a /.total /.of /.46 /.chromosomes. /.Chromosomes /.are /.separated /.into /.two /.identical /.sets /.
during /.mitosis /.or /.meiosis. /.This /.provides /.a /.set /.of /.chromosomes /.to /.each /.daughter /.cell /.which
/.results /.from /.cell /.division. /.This /.process /.is /.responsible /.for /.the /.transfer /.of /.genetic /.information
/.to /.the /.daughter /.cells. /.The /.first /.22 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes /.are /.known /.as /.autosomes. /.The /.2
3rd /.pair /.of /.chromosomes /.is /.the /.pair /.which /.contains /.the /.genetic /.information /.for /.gender. /.Thi
s /.pair /.contains /.the /.genetic /.information /.which /.delineates /.between /.the /.male /.and /.female /.gen
ders. /.Females /.have /.two /.X /.chromosomes /.
(XX) /.and /.males /.have /.an /.XY /.chromosome /.pair. /.Autosomal /.chromosomes /.are /.said /.to /.be /.auto
logous. /.This /.means /.they /.do /.not /.carry /.genetic /.information /.pertaining /.to /.gender. /.Autosomal /.g
enetic /.diseases /.are /.carried /.on /.the /.first /.22 /.pairs /.of /.chromosomes. /.Sex-
linked /.diseases /.are /.only /.carried /.on /.the /.23rd /.pair /.of /.chromosomes. /.The /.autosomal /.chromoso
mes /.are /.nearly /.identical /.to /.one /.another /.and /.are /.considered /.homologous /.to /.one /.another. /.E
ach /.autosomal /.chromosome /.in /.a /.pair /.carries /.identical /.genes. /.These /.two /.genes /.are /.known /.a
s /.alleles. /.The /.alleles /.occupy /.the /.same /.site /.on /.each /.partner /.of /.the /.chromosome /.pair /.and /.c
ode /.for /.the /.same /.genetic /.trait /.or /.physiologic /.function. /.Alleles /.can /.be /.dominant /.or /.recessive
. /.One /.allele /.may /.be /.dominant /.and /.the /.other /.recessive, /.or /.they /.both /.may /.be /.dominant /.or
/.both /.recessive. /.The /.dominant /.alleles' /.genetic /.code /.will /.always /.manifest /.in /.the /.individual's /.
phenotype. /.The /.information /.in /.the /.recessive /.allele /.is /.typically /.not /.expressed /.in /.the /.phenoty
, pe /.unless /.both /.alleles /.are /.recessive. /.For /.the /.purpose /.of /.clarity /.in /.use, /.the /.dominant /.gene /.
is /.assigned /.a /.capital /.letter /.and /.the /.recessive /.gene /.is /.a
A /.child /.is /.diagnosed /.with /.hemophilia. /.This /.is /.an /.example /.of /.which /.genetic /.concept?
Phenotype
Genotype
Autosomal /.transmission /.of /.the /.disease
Transcription /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
The /.expression /.of /.a /.genetic /.disease /.is /.an /.example /.of /.a /.phenotype. /.A /.genotype /.is /.a /.gene's
/.programming. /.Hemophilia /.is /.transmitted /.on /.the /.x-
chromosome /.and /.is /.not /.transmitted /.via /.the /.autosomes. /.This /.is /.not /.an /.example /.of /.transcrip
tion.
Dehydration /.triggers /.which /.physiologic /.response?
Increased /.secretion /.of /.renin.
Increase /.secretion /.of /.natriuretic /.peptides.
Decreased /.secretion /.of /.antidiuretic /.hormone.
Decreased /.serum /.osmolality. /.- /.(correct /.answer) /.-
Dehydration /.will /.trigger /.the /.release /.of /.renin /.when /.renal /.perfusion /.is /.impaired. /.The /.other /.a
nswers /.are /.seen /.during /.times /.of /.fluid /.volume /.overload.
A /.patient /.on /.hydrochlorothiazide /.has /.a /.pH /.of /.7.49 /.and /.a /.bicarbonate /.of /.30. /.Which /.of /.the
/.following /.pathological /.processes /.best /.explains /.the /.abnormal /.lab /.values?
a. /.An /.accumulation /.of /.pancreatic /.bicarbonate /.secondary /.to /.vomiting /.and /.loss /.of /.hydrochloric
/.acid
b. /.An /.increased /.absorption /.of /.Na+ /.and /.HCO3- /.in /.the /.proximal /.renal /.tubule /.secondary /.to /.in
creased /.aldosterone /.secretion
c /.Excessive /.exhalation /.of /.CO2 /.secondary /.to /.hyperventilation
d. /.Distal /.renal /.tubular /.dysfunction /.causing /.an /.accumulation /.of /.hydrogen /.ions /.- /.
(correct /.answer) /.-
The /.pH /.value /.and /.bicarbonate /.value /.are /.consistent /.with /.a /.metabolic /.alkalosis. /.The /.most /.lik
ely /.cause /.of /.the /.metabolic /.alkalosis /.is /.the /.use /.of /.the /.hydrochlorothiazide /.
