NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1: Concept and Clinical
Complication COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Action /.Potential: /.Hypokalemia /.leads /.to /.what /.complications /.- /.correct /.answers-Potassium /.leaves
/.the /.cell /.leaving /.behind /.negative /.anions, /.cell /.hyperpolarizes /.making /.the /.cell /.more /.negative /.
and /.therefore /.less /.excitable
CC: /.Weakness, /.Smooth /.Muscle /.atony, /.parathesias /.(pins /.and /.needles), /.Cardiac /.dysrythmias
Action /.Potential: /.Hyperkalemia /.lead /.to /.what /.complications /.- /.correct /.answers-
Increased /.potassium /.will /.come /.into /.the /.cell /.and /.make /.it /.more /.positive, /.depolarization /.will /.
occur /.taking /.the /.RMP /.closer /.to /.the /.Threshold /.potential. /.This /.makes /.cells /.more /.excitable. /.
CC: /.Peak /.T /.waves, /.Widening /.QRS /.Complex, /.paralysis, /.paresthesia, /.weakness, /.cardiac /.dysrhyth
mia
Action /.Potential: /.Hypercalcemia /.- /.correct /.answers-High /.calcium /.
(Ca2+) /.decreases /.the /.cells /.permeability /.to /.Na+ /.ions. /.Cell /.becomes /.less /.positive. /.Hyper /.polari
zed /.and /.less /.excitable /.
CC: /.Weakness, /.hyporeflexia, /.fatigue, /.lethargy, /.confusion, /.encephalopathy, /.Shorted /.QT /.segment,
/.Depressed /.widened /.T /.waves
Action /.Potential: /.Hypocalcemia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Less /.Calcium /.leads /.to /.more /.per /.i /.ability /.of /.Na+ /.ions /.into /.the /.cell. /.The /.cell /.becomes /.more
/.positive /.and /.depolarizes. /.Closed /.to /.threshold /.potential /.means /.more /.excitable /.cells. /.
, CC: /.Tetany /.
(involuntary /.contraction /.of /.muscle), /.hyperreflexia, /.circumoral /.paresthesia, /.seizures, /.dysrythmias
Atrophy /.- /.correct /.answers-CC: /.Decreased /.muscle /.size /.due /.to /.lack /.of /.exercise /.or /.bed /.ridden,
/.reduced /.thymus /.in /.children /.as /.they /.grow
Hypertrophy /.- /.correct /.answers-Physiologic: /.Increased /.muscle /.size /.when /.exercising
Pathologic: /.cardiomegaly /.in /.HTN, /.kidney /.growth /.when /.one /.kidney /.is /.removed
Hyperplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Physiologic: /.Liver /.regeneration /.after /.resection, /.uterine /.and /.mammary /.gland /.enlargement /.in /.p
regnancy /.
Pathologic: /.Endometrial /.lining /.in /.response /.to /.estrogen /.(Endometrial /.Cancer)
Metaplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Pathologic: /.Chronic /.Smokers /.Columnar /.cells /.to /.Squamous /.cells, /.Barrett /.Esophagus /.
(Normal /.squamous /.epithelial /.cells /.replaced /.by /.columnar /.cells) /.in /.response /.to /.heart /.burn, /.GE
RD
Dysplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-Dysplastic /.cells /.of /.the /.cervix /.during /.a /.papsmear, /.pre /.cancerous
Sickle /.Cell /.Anemia /.can /.cause /.what /.type /.of /.cell /.injury? /.- /.correct /.answers-Hypoxic /.injury
A /.decrease /.in /.the /.production /.of /.red /.blood /.cells /.happens /.with /.what /.type /.of /.conditions? /.- /.
correct /.answers-Iron /.Deficiency /.Anemia
Leukemia
Hypoxic /.injury /.of /.the /.muscle /.cells /.including /.the /.heart /.will /.release /.which /.enzyme? /.- /.correct /
.answers-Creatinine /.Kinase
Hypoxic /.injury /.if /.the /.muscle /.cells, /.liver /.cells, /.lung /.cells, /.heart, /.RBC, /.and /.brain /.will /.release /.
which /.enzyme? /.- /.correct /.answers-LDH /.(Lactate /.Dehydrogenase)
What /.free /.radical /.plays /.a /.part /.in /.all /.of /.the /.following /.conditions: /.Heart /.Disease, /.Alzheimer's /
.Disease, /.Parkinson's /.Disease, /.Amyotrophic /.Lateral /.Sclerosis /.- /.correct /.answers-
Reactive /.Oxygen /.Species /.(ROS)
What /.are /.examples /.of /.Antioxidants /.that /.can /.fight /.against /.Reactive /.Oxygen /.Species /.
(ROS)? /.- /.correct /.answers-
Antioxidants, /.Vitamin /.E, /.Vitamin /.C, /.beta /.carotene, /.flavonoids, /.cysteine, /.glutathione, /.albumin, /.
ceruloplasmin /.and /.transferrin
Complication COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Action /.Potential: /.Hypokalemia /.leads /.to /.what /.complications /.- /.correct /.answers-Potassium /.leaves
/.the /.cell /.leaving /.behind /.negative /.anions, /.cell /.hyperpolarizes /.making /.the /.cell /.more /.negative /.
and /.therefore /.less /.excitable
CC: /.Weakness, /.Smooth /.Muscle /.atony, /.parathesias /.(pins /.and /.needles), /.Cardiac /.dysrythmias
Action /.Potential: /.Hyperkalemia /.lead /.to /.what /.complications /.- /.correct /.answers-
Increased /.potassium /.will /.come /.into /.the /.cell /.and /.make /.it /.more /.positive, /.depolarization /.will /.
occur /.taking /.the /.RMP /.closer /.to /.the /.Threshold /.potential. /.This /.makes /.cells /.more /.excitable. /.
CC: /.Peak /.T /.waves, /.Widening /.QRS /.Complex, /.paralysis, /.paresthesia, /.weakness, /.cardiac /.dysrhyth
mia
Action /.Potential: /.Hypercalcemia /.- /.correct /.answers-High /.calcium /.
(Ca2+) /.decreases /.the /.cells /.permeability /.to /.Na+ /.ions. /.Cell /.becomes /.less /.positive. /.Hyper /.polari
zed /.and /.less /.excitable /.
CC: /.Weakness, /.hyporeflexia, /.fatigue, /.lethargy, /.confusion, /.encephalopathy, /.Shorted /.QT /.segment,
/.Depressed /.widened /.T /.waves
Action /.Potential: /.Hypocalcemia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Less /.Calcium /.leads /.to /.more /.per /.i /.ability /.of /.Na+ /.ions /.into /.the /.cell. /.The /.cell /.becomes /.more
/.positive /.and /.depolarizes. /.Closed /.to /.threshold /.potential /.means /.more /.excitable /.cells. /.
, CC: /.Tetany /.
(involuntary /.contraction /.of /.muscle), /.hyperreflexia, /.circumoral /.paresthesia, /.seizures, /.dysrythmias
Atrophy /.- /.correct /.answers-CC: /.Decreased /.muscle /.size /.due /.to /.lack /.of /.exercise /.or /.bed /.ridden,
/.reduced /.thymus /.in /.children /.as /.they /.grow
Hypertrophy /.- /.correct /.answers-Physiologic: /.Increased /.muscle /.size /.when /.exercising
Pathologic: /.cardiomegaly /.in /.HTN, /.kidney /.growth /.when /.one /.kidney /.is /.removed
Hyperplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Physiologic: /.Liver /.regeneration /.after /.resection, /.uterine /.and /.mammary /.gland /.enlargement /.in /.p
regnancy /.
Pathologic: /.Endometrial /.lining /.in /.response /.to /.estrogen /.(Endometrial /.Cancer)
Metaplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-
Pathologic: /.Chronic /.Smokers /.Columnar /.cells /.to /.Squamous /.cells, /.Barrett /.Esophagus /.
(Normal /.squamous /.epithelial /.cells /.replaced /.by /.columnar /.cells) /.in /.response /.to /.heart /.burn, /.GE
RD
Dysplasia /.- /.correct /.answers-Dysplastic /.cells /.of /.the /.cervix /.during /.a /.papsmear, /.pre /.cancerous
Sickle /.Cell /.Anemia /.can /.cause /.what /.type /.of /.cell /.injury? /.- /.correct /.answers-Hypoxic /.injury
A /.decrease /.in /.the /.production /.of /.red /.blood /.cells /.happens /.with /.what /.type /.of /.conditions? /.- /.
correct /.answers-Iron /.Deficiency /.Anemia
Leukemia
Hypoxic /.injury /.of /.the /.muscle /.cells /.including /.the /.heart /.will /.release /.which /.enzyme? /.- /.correct /
.answers-Creatinine /.Kinase
Hypoxic /.injury /.if /.the /.muscle /.cells, /.liver /.cells, /.lung /.cells, /.heart, /.RBC, /.and /.brain /.will /.release /.
which /.enzyme? /.- /.correct /.answers-LDH /.(Lactate /.Dehydrogenase)
What /.free /.radical /.plays /.a /.part /.in /.all /.of /.the /.following /.conditions: /.Heart /.Disease, /.Alzheimer's /
.Disease, /.Parkinson's /.Disease, /.Amyotrophic /.Lateral /.Sclerosis /.- /.correct /.answers-
Reactive /.Oxygen /.Species /.(ROS)
What /.are /.examples /.of /.Antioxidants /.that /.can /.fight /.against /.Reactive /.Oxygen /.Species /.
(ROS)? /.- /.correct /.answers-
Antioxidants, /.Vitamin /.E, /.Vitamin /.C, /.beta /.carotene, /.flavonoids, /.cysteine, /.glutathione, /.albumin, /.
ceruloplasmin /.and /.transferrin
