BBH 311 Exam 2 Review Questions and
Correct Answers
Face valid models ✅they're going to measure what they're supposed to
Inference models ✅use behavioral or biological response to infer processes related to
humans
What are the scientific guidelines of animal research? ✅1. Quality of research must be
dependent on care, health, well-being, ethical treatment of animals
2. Follow laws + regulations at state, federal, institutional, community levels
3. Scientists must be trained in guidelines
What does penn state office for research protections do? ✅- ensure extensive training
of personnel
- research application review
Professional, community, and governmental levels of review include what aspects?
✅1. Justification of research
2. Personnel
3. Care & housing
4. Acquisition of animals
5. Experimental procedures
6. Field research
7. Educational use of animals, consider other models if possible
What are the three r's regarding human research? ✅1. Replace (may use a non animal
alternative)
2. Reduce (the # of animals used/effected)
3. Refine (less pain + distress)
What kind of research animals do we use? ✅- mice/rats majority (have biological
similarities to humans)
- may include rabbits/farm animals
- fruit flies/worms for genetic research
Mechanistic models ✅high specialization
rigid departmentalization
clear chain of command
narrows spans of control
, centralization
high formalization
What are some potential alternatives for animal research? ✅- many times, there is not
one
- may use test tube (in vitro), human cells/tissues, computer models, non-invasive
imaging
Aim of alzoubi ? ✅examine the effect of ptx drug on ptsd induced memory impairment
in rat model
Hypothesis of alzoubi ✅1. Ptx would have protective effect on learning ability +
memory functions in a rat model with ptsd behaviors
2. Ptx would modulate biomarkers of oxidative stress, bdnf, histones
What effect does stress exposure have on oxidative stress? ✅increases it
How does oxidative stress effect us? ✅alters neuronal integrity
What does brain-derived neurotropic factor (bdnf) do? ✅supports neuronal health, impt
in plasticity, learning, memory, higher thinking
What are hippocampal histones used for? ✅plasticity, long term memory, neuronal
health
What were the independent variables in alzoubi study? ✅1. Drug (ptx or placebo)
2. Stress (sps or no stress)
What were the 4 groups used in alzoubi study? ✅1) control - no drug, no stress
2) sps - stress, no drug
3) ptx - no stress, drug
4) ptx + stress
What methods were used in regards to drugs in the alzoubi study? ✅control rats
received saline
Experimental rats received 100mg/kg of ptx, 6 days a week for 4 weeks
What methods were used in regards to stress in alzoubi study? ✅- sps and ptx/sps got
sps one week after ptx admin
- sps with saline injection
What memory test was used in alzoubi study? ✅radial arm water maze
Correct Answers
Face valid models ✅they're going to measure what they're supposed to
Inference models ✅use behavioral or biological response to infer processes related to
humans
What are the scientific guidelines of animal research? ✅1. Quality of research must be
dependent on care, health, well-being, ethical treatment of animals
2. Follow laws + regulations at state, federal, institutional, community levels
3. Scientists must be trained in guidelines
What does penn state office for research protections do? ✅- ensure extensive training
of personnel
- research application review
Professional, community, and governmental levels of review include what aspects?
✅1. Justification of research
2. Personnel
3. Care & housing
4. Acquisition of animals
5. Experimental procedures
6. Field research
7. Educational use of animals, consider other models if possible
What are the three r's regarding human research? ✅1. Replace (may use a non animal
alternative)
2. Reduce (the # of animals used/effected)
3. Refine (less pain + distress)
What kind of research animals do we use? ✅- mice/rats majority (have biological
similarities to humans)
- may include rabbits/farm animals
- fruit flies/worms for genetic research
Mechanistic models ✅high specialization
rigid departmentalization
clear chain of command
narrows spans of control
, centralization
high formalization
What are some potential alternatives for animal research? ✅- many times, there is not
one
- may use test tube (in vitro), human cells/tissues, computer models, non-invasive
imaging
Aim of alzoubi ? ✅examine the effect of ptx drug on ptsd induced memory impairment
in rat model
Hypothesis of alzoubi ✅1. Ptx would have protective effect on learning ability +
memory functions in a rat model with ptsd behaviors
2. Ptx would modulate biomarkers of oxidative stress, bdnf, histones
What effect does stress exposure have on oxidative stress? ✅increases it
How does oxidative stress effect us? ✅alters neuronal integrity
What does brain-derived neurotropic factor (bdnf) do? ✅supports neuronal health, impt
in plasticity, learning, memory, higher thinking
What are hippocampal histones used for? ✅plasticity, long term memory, neuronal
health
What were the independent variables in alzoubi study? ✅1. Drug (ptx or placebo)
2. Stress (sps or no stress)
What were the 4 groups used in alzoubi study? ✅1) control - no drug, no stress
2) sps - stress, no drug
3) ptx - no stress, drug
4) ptx + stress
What methods were used in regards to drugs in the alzoubi study? ✅control rats
received saline
Experimental rats received 100mg/kg of ptx, 6 days a week for 4 weeks
What methods were used in regards to stress in alzoubi study? ✅- sps and ptx/sps got
sps one week after ptx admin
- sps with saline injection
What memory test was used in alzoubi study? ✅radial arm water maze
