Pathology Summary | exam Review
1. Fatty Infiltration: -Impaired visualization of borders/diaphragm, increased atten- uation, focal sparing
- increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase
-associated with alcohol abuse, obesity and diabetes (mild, moderate, severe)
2. Acute Hepatitis: -"Starry sky" sign, hyperechoic parenchyma with brighter portal veins
-increased bilirubin, extra high ALT
-thick gallbladder walls
3. Chronic Hepatitis: -chronic alcohol abuse, chronic viral hepatitis
-irregular appearance of parenchyma, decreased brightness of portal triad
-increased bilirubin, portal hypertension can develop
4. Cirrhosis: -coarse texture, liver atrophy and surrounding ascites
-increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphate
-can cause portal hypertension and Budd Chiari
5. Glycogen Storage Disease: -Von Gierke's Disease -associated with focal nodu- lar hyperplasia, liver adenoma and
hepatomegaly
-inherited
-disturbance of acid-base balance
-hyperechoic mass
6. Hemochromatosis: -hyperechoic throughout liver
-increased iron levels in blood
-cirrhotic changes
7. Portal Venous Hypertension: -caused by cirrhosis, thrombus of hepatics or IVC, diffuse metastatic liver disease
1/
13
, Pathology Summary | exam Review
-portal vein diameter greater than 13 mm
-most common collateral vessels formed are esophageal and coronary (gastric) veins
-may have hepatosplenomegaly
8. Budd-Chiari Syndrome: -thrombosis of the hepatic veins
-enlarged caudate lobe
9. Biliary Obstruction: Proximal: -obstruction of the hepatic ducts
-jaundice and itching
-increased direct bilirubin
-increased alkaline phosphatase
-dilated ducts
10.Biliary Obstruction: Distal: -obstruction of the biliary ducts
-jaundice and itching
-increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase
-dilated ducts
2/
13
1. Fatty Infiltration: -Impaired visualization of borders/diaphragm, increased atten- uation, focal sparing
- increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase
-associated with alcohol abuse, obesity and diabetes (mild, moderate, severe)
2. Acute Hepatitis: -"Starry sky" sign, hyperechoic parenchyma with brighter portal veins
-increased bilirubin, extra high ALT
-thick gallbladder walls
3. Chronic Hepatitis: -chronic alcohol abuse, chronic viral hepatitis
-irregular appearance of parenchyma, decreased brightness of portal triad
-increased bilirubin, portal hypertension can develop
4. Cirrhosis: -coarse texture, liver atrophy and surrounding ascites
-increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphate
-can cause portal hypertension and Budd Chiari
5. Glycogen Storage Disease: -Von Gierke's Disease -associated with focal nodu- lar hyperplasia, liver adenoma and
hepatomegaly
-inherited
-disturbance of acid-base balance
-hyperechoic mass
6. Hemochromatosis: -hyperechoic throughout liver
-increased iron levels in blood
-cirrhotic changes
7. Portal Venous Hypertension: -caused by cirrhosis, thrombus of hepatics or IVC, diffuse metastatic liver disease
1/
13
, Pathology Summary | exam Review
-portal vein diameter greater than 13 mm
-most common collateral vessels formed are esophageal and coronary (gastric) veins
-may have hepatosplenomegaly
8. Budd-Chiari Syndrome: -thrombosis of the hepatic veins
-enlarged caudate lobe
9. Biliary Obstruction: Proximal: -obstruction of the hepatic ducts
-jaundice and itching
-increased direct bilirubin
-increased alkaline phosphatase
-dilated ducts
10.Biliary Obstruction: Distal: -obstruction of the biliary ducts
-jaundice and itching
-increased direct bilirubin, increased alkaline phosphatase
-dilated ducts
2/
13
