Class 9th
HISTORY
CHAPTER-5
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The Age of Social Change
• The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was
structured.
• In India, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Derozio talked about the significance of the French Revolution,
Liberals
• Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.
• They were not democrats because they did not believe in universal adult franchise. They were in favour of voting
only by men and the propertied class.
Radicals
• They wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population.
• Many radicals supported women’s suffragette movements to achieve voting rights.
• They disliked the concentration of property in the hands of a few.
Conservatives
• The conservatives opposed the views and ideologies of the liberals and the radicals.
• They resisted change. After the French Revolution, they started accepting change provided it was slow had links
and respected the past.
Industries and Social Change
• The Industrial Revolution led to changes in social and economic life, new cities came up and new industrialised
regions developed.
• Men, women and children came to factories in search of work. But, unfortunately, working hours were long and
wages were poor.
• Nationalists talked of revolutions to create ‘nations’ with equal rights.
Socialism in Europe
• Socialists were against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
• Robert Owen (1771-1858) sought to build a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA).
• Louis Blanc (1813-1882) wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
• Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) added other ideas to this body of arguments.
• According to Marx industrial society was ‘capitalist’ who owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of
capitalists was produced by workers.
[1]
, Support for Socialism
• By the 1870s, they formed an international body – namely, the Second International.
• Associations were formed by workers in Germany and England to fight for better living and working conditions.
• In Germany, these associations worked closely With the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and helped it win
parliamentary Seats.
• By 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France.
The Russian Empire & Revolution
• The fall of the monarchy in February 1917 and the events of October were termed as the Russian Revolution.
• Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. The Russian Empire included current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus, stretching to the Pacific and comprised today’s Central Asian states, as well
as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
• The majority of the population was Russian Orthodox Christianity. But the empire also included Catholics,
Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.
• About 85% of the Russian population was engaged in agricultural activities. Industries were Located only a few
places such as in St Petersburg and Moscow.
Socialism in Russia
• The Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party was formed in 1898 and respected Marx’s ideas.
• Some Russian socialists felt that the Russian peasant custom of dividing land periodically made them natural
socialists.
• The Socialist Revolutionary Party was formed in 1900 which struggled for the rights of peasants. The Social
Democrats differed from the Socialist Revolutionary Party on the issue of farmers.
• Social Democrats disagreed with Socialist Revolutionaries about peasants. Lenin felt that peasants were not one
united group.
A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
• During the Revolution of 1905, Russia along with the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries, worked with
peasants and workers to demand a constitution.
• In 1904, prices of essential goods rose and their real wages declined by 20 per cent.
• Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding a reduction in working hours and an increase in
wages.
• The procession was led by Father Gapon, the procession was attacked by the police and the Cossacks when it
reached the Winter Palace.
• Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of
events which resulted in the 1905 Revolution.
• ‘Bloody Sunday’ marked the beginning of strikes in the cities with students, lawyers, doctors and Engineers staging
walkouts complaining about the lack of civil liberties.
• The Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma.
• He did not want any questioning of his Authority or any reduction in his power.
[2]
HISTORY
CHAPTER-5
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The Age of Social Change
• The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was
structured.
• In India, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Derozio talked about the significance of the French Revolution,
Liberals
• Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.
• They were not democrats because they did not believe in universal adult franchise. They were in favour of voting
only by men and the propertied class.
Radicals
• They wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population.
• Many radicals supported women’s suffragette movements to achieve voting rights.
• They disliked the concentration of property in the hands of a few.
Conservatives
• The conservatives opposed the views and ideologies of the liberals and the radicals.
• They resisted change. After the French Revolution, they started accepting change provided it was slow had links
and respected the past.
Industries and Social Change
• The Industrial Revolution led to changes in social and economic life, new cities came up and new industrialised
regions developed.
• Men, women and children came to factories in search of work. But, unfortunately, working hours were long and
wages were poor.
• Nationalists talked of revolutions to create ‘nations’ with equal rights.
Socialism in Europe
• Socialists were against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.
• Robert Owen (1771-1858) sought to build a cooperative community called New Harmony in Indiana (USA).
• Louis Blanc (1813-1882) wanted the government to encourage cooperatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
• Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) added other ideas to this body of arguments.
• According to Marx industrial society was ‘capitalist’ who owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of
capitalists was produced by workers.
[1]
, Support for Socialism
• By the 1870s, they formed an international body – namely, the Second International.
• Associations were formed by workers in Germany and England to fight for better living and working conditions.
• In Germany, these associations worked closely With the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and helped it win
parliamentary Seats.
• By 1905, socialists and trade unionists formed a Labour Party in Britain and a Socialist Party in France.
The Russian Empire & Revolution
• The fall of the monarchy in February 1917 and the events of October were termed as the Russian Revolution.
• Russia was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. The Russian Empire included current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia,
parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus, stretching to the Pacific and comprised today’s Central Asian states, as well
as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
• The majority of the population was Russian Orthodox Christianity. But the empire also included Catholics,
Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.
• About 85% of the Russian population was engaged in agricultural activities. Industries were Located only a few
places such as in St Petersburg and Moscow.
Socialism in Russia
• The Russian Socialist Democratic Labour Party was formed in 1898 and respected Marx’s ideas.
• Some Russian socialists felt that the Russian peasant custom of dividing land periodically made them natural
socialists.
• The Socialist Revolutionary Party was formed in 1900 which struggled for the rights of peasants. The Social
Democrats differed from the Socialist Revolutionary Party on the issue of farmers.
• Social Democrats disagreed with Socialist Revolutionaries about peasants. Lenin felt that peasants were not one
united group.
A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
• During the Revolution of 1905, Russia along with the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries, worked with
peasants and workers to demand a constitution.
• In 1904, prices of essential goods rose and their real wages declined by 20 per cent.
• Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding a reduction in working hours and an increase in
wages.
• The procession was led by Father Gapon, the procession was attacked by the police and the Cossacks when it
reached the Winter Palace.
• Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of
events which resulted in the 1905 Revolution.
• ‘Bloody Sunday’ marked the beginning of strikes in the cities with students, lawyers, doctors and Engineers staging
walkouts complaining about the lack of civil liberties.
• The Tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative Parliament or Duma.
• He did not want any questioning of his Authority or any reduction in his power.
[2]
