Programming Fundamentals (Sir Ahsan Malik)
Problem Solving
SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
✓ 7 Stages
✓ Waterfall Model (Up to down)
1. Investigation
a. Identification of Problem
b. Scope
c. Alternate Solution
d. Report
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Coding
5. Testing
6. Implement
7. Maintain
Flow Chart: Pictorial representation of any problem and its solution.
Features: 1. Problem Solving 2. Easy Approach 3. Top-down approach 4. Flow basis
Components Shapes Information
Oval Start/End
Parallelogram Input
Rectangle Processing
Diamond Decision
Flow Line Examine Flow
Connector Connecting
Algorithm (Algo):
✓ Descriptive representation
✓ Sequential (Sequence wise)
✓ Basis English + Indentation (Rules)
✓ Problem Solving
✓ Written Documents
Q: Algo for addition of two numbers:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input two numbers in variable ‘a’ and ‘b’
Step 3: Process a + b and store it in S. S = a + b
Step 4: Display S
Step 5: End
Problem Solving
SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
✓ 7 Stages
✓ Waterfall Model (Up to down)
1. Investigation
a. Identification of Problem
b. Scope
c. Alternate Solution
d. Report
2. Analysis
3. Design
4. Coding
5. Testing
6. Implement
7. Maintain
Flow Chart: Pictorial representation of any problem and its solution.
Features: 1. Problem Solving 2. Easy Approach 3. Top-down approach 4. Flow basis
Components Shapes Information
Oval Start/End
Parallelogram Input
Rectangle Processing
Diamond Decision
Flow Line Examine Flow
Connector Connecting
Algorithm (Algo):
✓ Descriptive representation
✓ Sequential (Sequence wise)
✓ Basis English + Indentation (Rules)
✓ Problem Solving
✓ Written Documents
Q: Algo for addition of two numbers:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input two numbers in variable ‘a’ and ‘b’
Step 3: Process a + b and store it in S. S = a + b
Step 4: Display S
Step 5: End
