(Summary) Ch 43 Patho best set:
Disorders of the Skeletal System:
Trauma, Infections, Neoplasms, and
Childhood Disorders.
Injury and Trauma of Musculoskeletal Structures
Sports-Related Injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries
Joint (Musculotendinous) Injuries
Strains and Sprains
Dislocations
Shoulder and Rotator Cuff Injuries
Knee Injuries
Hip Injuries
Fractures
Classification Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment
Bone Healing
Complications of Fractures and Other Injuries
Bone Infections and Osteonecrosis Infections—Osteomyelitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis
Neoplasms
Benign Bone Tumors
Malignant Bone Tumors
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Metastatic Bone Disease
Skeletal Disorders in Children
Variations of Normal Growth and Development
Angular and Torsional Deformities
Genu Varum and Genu Valgum Congenital Disorders
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmenta l Dysplasia of the Hip
Congenital Clubfoot
Juvenile Osteochondroses
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Scoliosis
,Types of Scoliosis
Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment
Contusion
an injury or bruise from direct trauma and is usually caused by striking a body part against a hard object.
Skin overlying the injury remains intact while the injured tissue undergoes a rupture of blood vessels and
damage to muscle cells--swelling and inflammation
Ecchymosis due to local hemorrhage: Black and Blue--Brown--Yellow as reabsorbed
Bruise
Ruptured blood vessels
Direct trauma
Hematoma
Large area of local hemorrhage--pain on movement as blood accumulates and exerts pressure on nerve
endings
Takes longer to heal than a contusion
Pooled blood presses on nerve endings
Large area of local hemorrhage
hematoma vs contusion
A contusion is a bruise...whereas a hematoma is a localized collection of blood usually clotted in an organ
space or tissue
hematoma is a larger blood vessel
hematoma develops quicker
The pain and swelling of a hematoma take longer to subside than those accompanying a contusion.
Treatment of Contusion and Hematoma
RICE:
Rest
ICE (apply cold for the first 24 hrs to reduce the bleeding into the area)
Compression
Elevation
sprain vs strain
Sprain: overstretching/damaging ligaments
STrain: T for TENDON, overstretching/damaging tendon.
,Strains
involve muscles, or more precisely the muscle- tendon unit. A stretching or partial tear in a muscle or a
muscle-tendon unit while actively contracting
S&S: pain, stiffness, swelling, and local tenderness
Pain is increased with stretching of the muscle group.
Common sites: low back, cervical spine, elbow, shoulder.
Sprain
involve the supporting ligaments of a joint. A partial or complete Tear to supporting ligaments or capsule
surrounding the joint that is more painful on abnormal or excessive movement.
Cause: usually due due to abnormal or excessive movement of a joint.
S&S: PAIN, rapid swelling, discoloration, and limitation of function
Common site's: ankle (lateral ankle when the foot is turned inward under a person, forcing the ankle into
inversion beyond its structural limits); knee (the collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament) and
elbow (the ulnar side).
pain and swelling subsides slower than strain
Healing time variable: 2-8 weeks
MRI: to evaluate soft tissue injury
Injured joint ligaments or capsule
TREATMENT FOR STRAINS AND SPRAINS
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
, For a muscle strain, the affected joint is immobilized until the pain and swelling have subsided. In a
sprain, the affected joint is immobilized for several weeks. Immobilization may be followed by graded
active exercises.
ankle sprain
Can be either an inversion or eversion injury.
A stretch or tear in one of the ligaments surrounding the ankle causing pain and swelling
location of Most ankle sprains
in the lateral ankle when the foot is turned inward under a person, forcing the ankle into inversion
beyond its structural limits.
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion of foot
turning the sole of the foot outward
Ankle Inversion/Eversion
Disorders of the Skeletal System:
Trauma, Infections, Neoplasms, and
Childhood Disorders.
Injury and Trauma of Musculoskeletal Structures
Sports-Related Injuries
Soft Tissue Injuries
Joint (Musculotendinous) Injuries
Strains and Sprains
Dislocations
Shoulder and Rotator Cuff Injuries
Knee Injuries
Hip Injuries
Fractures
Classification Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment
Bone Healing
Complications of Fractures and Other Injuries
Bone Infections and Osteonecrosis Infections—Osteomyelitis
Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis
Neoplasms
Benign Bone Tumors
Malignant Bone Tumors
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing Sarcoma
Metastatic Bone Disease
Skeletal Disorders in Children
Variations of Normal Growth and Development
Angular and Torsional Deformities
Genu Varum and Genu Valgum Congenital Disorders
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Developmenta l Dysplasia of the Hip
Congenital Clubfoot
Juvenile Osteochondroses
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Scoliosis
,Types of Scoliosis
Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment
Contusion
an injury or bruise from direct trauma and is usually caused by striking a body part against a hard object.
Skin overlying the injury remains intact while the injured tissue undergoes a rupture of blood vessels and
damage to muscle cells--swelling and inflammation
Ecchymosis due to local hemorrhage: Black and Blue--Brown--Yellow as reabsorbed
Bruise
Ruptured blood vessels
Direct trauma
Hematoma
Large area of local hemorrhage--pain on movement as blood accumulates and exerts pressure on nerve
endings
Takes longer to heal than a contusion
Pooled blood presses on nerve endings
Large area of local hemorrhage
hematoma vs contusion
A contusion is a bruise...whereas a hematoma is a localized collection of blood usually clotted in an organ
space or tissue
hematoma is a larger blood vessel
hematoma develops quicker
The pain and swelling of a hematoma take longer to subside than those accompanying a contusion.
Treatment of Contusion and Hematoma
RICE:
Rest
ICE (apply cold for the first 24 hrs to reduce the bleeding into the area)
Compression
Elevation
sprain vs strain
Sprain: overstretching/damaging ligaments
STrain: T for TENDON, overstretching/damaging tendon.
,Strains
involve muscles, or more precisely the muscle- tendon unit. A stretching or partial tear in a muscle or a
muscle-tendon unit while actively contracting
S&S: pain, stiffness, swelling, and local tenderness
Pain is increased with stretching of the muscle group.
Common sites: low back, cervical spine, elbow, shoulder.
Sprain
involve the supporting ligaments of a joint. A partial or complete Tear to supporting ligaments or capsule
surrounding the joint that is more painful on abnormal or excessive movement.
Cause: usually due due to abnormal or excessive movement of a joint.
S&S: PAIN, rapid swelling, discoloration, and limitation of function
Common site's: ankle (lateral ankle when the foot is turned inward under a person, forcing the ankle into
inversion beyond its structural limits); knee (the collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament) and
elbow (the ulnar side).
pain and swelling subsides slower than strain
Healing time variable: 2-8 weeks
MRI: to evaluate soft tissue injury
Injured joint ligaments or capsule
TREATMENT FOR STRAINS AND SPRAINS
RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
, For a muscle strain, the affected joint is immobilized until the pain and swelling have subsided. In a
sprain, the affected joint is immobilized for several weeks. Immobilization may be followed by graded
active exercises.
ankle sprain
Can be either an inversion or eversion injury.
A stretch or tear in one of the ligaments surrounding the ankle causing pain and swelling
location of Most ankle sprains
in the lateral ankle when the foot is turned inward under a person, forcing the ankle into inversion
beyond its structural limits.
Inversion
Turning the sole of the foot inward
eversion of foot
turning the sole of the foot outward
Ankle Inversion/Eversion
