BLOCK 4
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND ITS
PREVENTION
, MIS – 021
Safety Philosophy and
Indira Gandhi
National Open University
Principles of Accident
School of Engineering & Technology
Prevention
Block
4
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND ITS PREVENTION
UNIT 13
Introduction to Industrial Accident 337
UNIT 14
Types of Accidents and Its Analysis 361
UNIT 15
Cost of Accidents 384
UNIT 16
Prevention of Accidents 400
,BLOCK 4 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND
ITS PREVENTION
Accidents do not happen all of a sudden. They are caused by the
mismanagement of the events causing to accident. It is conceived that
accidents are unexpected or unplanned events, however it is seen that most of
the time, it is not. Majority of accidents are the result of unsafe conditions
and work practices that have been ignored or tolerated for weeks, months, or
even years. According to the recent estimates, some 2.3 million workers die
from work-related accidents and diseases; over 474 million people suffer
from occupational diseases and non-fatal accidents; with the costs of these
exceeding US$2.8 trillion, or 4% of gross domestic product. It is therefore
necessary to follow the best safety practices along with the proper inspections
to prevent industrial accidents.
This Block consists of four units.
The unit 13 entitled, ‘Introduction to Industrial Accident’ provides the
definition of an accidents and gives a brief introduction to various types of
accidents. It also provides details of various causes of industrial accidents and
well defined methods for computation of various values as significant in
accident terminology. The later section of the chapter talks in detail about the
industrial accident in Indian scenario. Some of the worst industrial disasters
in India are discussed in short in this section. Models of accident causation
have also been discussed in this chapter. This chapter thus provides basic
overview of the introduction to industrial accidents.
The unit 14 entitled, ‘Types of Accidents and its Analysis’ deals with the key
factors involved in accident analysis. It discusses the simple accident
investigation techniques that do not require the users to be a safety
professional. Also, it talks about some of the advanced techniques too which
are complex but systematic accident investigation techniques. This unit also
provides brief description of techniques which helps in assessment of the
safety of a system.
The unit 15 entitled, ‘Cost of Accidents’ deals with various costs involved in
the event of industrial accident. Being a safety issue, accident is always
undesirable. However, accident also has financial impact. Some of the
examples from past accident show how much an accident can actually cost to
a company. This unit thus deals with economic aspects of accident. It shows
the different types of cost involved in an accident. This unit also provides a
brief detail of different tools for accident cot analysis.
The unit 16 entitled, ‘Prevention of Accidents’ talks about the need for
accident prevention and the ways to do the same. It is observed that many of
the industrial accidents are actually preventable and if not preventable at all
then at least the risk can be reduced to a considerable extent. This unit
discusses the humanitarian factors associated in accidents and its prevention.
Later section also provides details of prerequisites for hazard control system.
The unit also suggests effective workplace inspections for accident
prevention and discusses type of information needed to complete an effective
inspection report. It also suggested some common practices to prevent
accidents in the workplace.
, Introduction to
UNIT 13 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL Industrial Accident
ACCIDENT
Sturcture
13.1 Introduction
Objectives
13.2 Types of Accidents
13.3 Causes of Industrial Accidents
13.4 Important Terminologies
13.5 Indian Standard for Measurement of Industrial Accidents
13.6 Computation of Frequency, Severity and Incident Rate
13.7 Industrial Accident and Indian Scenario
13.8 Basic Steps Followed in Accident Investigation
13.9 Elements of Incident Investigation Forms
13.10 Models of Accident Causation
13.11 Illustrative Problem
13.12 Let Us Sum Up
13.13 Key Words
13.14 Anwers to SAQs
13.15 References and Further Studies
13.1 INTRODUCTION
As per Oxford dictionary, “accident is an unfortunate incident that happens
unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.”
Accidents do not happen all of a sudden, they are caused by the
mismanagement of the events causing to accident. It is not simply because of
human or technological failure, but because of the failure of Management
Control Systems. Accidents are due to uncontrolled events or activities. It is a
management function to control all events/activities in its physical,
technological and human aspects. Recent studies suggest that around 2.3
million laborer mortalities occur due to work-related accidents and diseases.
More than 474 million people endure chronic ailments, resulting from
occupational activity, and non-fatal accidents. The costs of these accidents
and/or ailment medication are of the order of US$2.8 trillion or 4% of gross
domestic product. These expenses are at least 10% more compared to its
Figure in the previous decade, and can be anticipated to grow more due to
rapid advancements in technology, changing nature of accidents, hazards and
risks, changing societal views of accidents, introduction of new forms of
regulations, and increasing levels of complexity and coupling.
337
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND ITS
PREVENTION
, MIS – 021
Safety Philosophy and
Indira Gandhi
National Open University
Principles of Accident
School of Engineering & Technology
Prevention
Block
4
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND ITS PREVENTION
UNIT 13
Introduction to Industrial Accident 337
UNIT 14
Types of Accidents and Its Analysis 361
UNIT 15
Cost of Accidents 384
UNIT 16
Prevention of Accidents 400
,BLOCK 4 INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS AND
ITS PREVENTION
Accidents do not happen all of a sudden. They are caused by the
mismanagement of the events causing to accident. It is conceived that
accidents are unexpected or unplanned events, however it is seen that most of
the time, it is not. Majority of accidents are the result of unsafe conditions
and work practices that have been ignored or tolerated for weeks, months, or
even years. According to the recent estimates, some 2.3 million workers die
from work-related accidents and diseases; over 474 million people suffer
from occupational diseases and non-fatal accidents; with the costs of these
exceeding US$2.8 trillion, or 4% of gross domestic product. It is therefore
necessary to follow the best safety practices along with the proper inspections
to prevent industrial accidents.
This Block consists of four units.
The unit 13 entitled, ‘Introduction to Industrial Accident’ provides the
definition of an accidents and gives a brief introduction to various types of
accidents. It also provides details of various causes of industrial accidents and
well defined methods for computation of various values as significant in
accident terminology. The later section of the chapter talks in detail about the
industrial accident in Indian scenario. Some of the worst industrial disasters
in India are discussed in short in this section. Models of accident causation
have also been discussed in this chapter. This chapter thus provides basic
overview of the introduction to industrial accidents.
The unit 14 entitled, ‘Types of Accidents and its Analysis’ deals with the key
factors involved in accident analysis. It discusses the simple accident
investigation techniques that do not require the users to be a safety
professional. Also, it talks about some of the advanced techniques too which
are complex but systematic accident investigation techniques. This unit also
provides brief description of techniques which helps in assessment of the
safety of a system.
The unit 15 entitled, ‘Cost of Accidents’ deals with various costs involved in
the event of industrial accident. Being a safety issue, accident is always
undesirable. However, accident also has financial impact. Some of the
examples from past accident show how much an accident can actually cost to
a company. This unit thus deals with economic aspects of accident. It shows
the different types of cost involved in an accident. This unit also provides a
brief detail of different tools for accident cot analysis.
The unit 16 entitled, ‘Prevention of Accidents’ talks about the need for
accident prevention and the ways to do the same. It is observed that many of
the industrial accidents are actually preventable and if not preventable at all
then at least the risk can be reduced to a considerable extent. This unit
discusses the humanitarian factors associated in accidents and its prevention.
Later section also provides details of prerequisites for hazard control system.
The unit also suggests effective workplace inspections for accident
prevention and discusses type of information needed to complete an effective
inspection report. It also suggested some common practices to prevent
accidents in the workplace.
, Introduction to
UNIT 13 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL Industrial Accident
ACCIDENT
Sturcture
13.1 Introduction
Objectives
13.2 Types of Accidents
13.3 Causes of Industrial Accidents
13.4 Important Terminologies
13.5 Indian Standard for Measurement of Industrial Accidents
13.6 Computation of Frequency, Severity and Incident Rate
13.7 Industrial Accident and Indian Scenario
13.8 Basic Steps Followed in Accident Investigation
13.9 Elements of Incident Investigation Forms
13.10 Models of Accident Causation
13.11 Illustrative Problem
13.12 Let Us Sum Up
13.13 Key Words
13.14 Anwers to SAQs
13.15 References and Further Studies
13.1 INTRODUCTION
As per Oxford dictionary, “accident is an unfortunate incident that happens
unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.”
Accidents do not happen all of a sudden, they are caused by the
mismanagement of the events causing to accident. It is not simply because of
human or technological failure, but because of the failure of Management
Control Systems. Accidents are due to uncontrolled events or activities. It is a
management function to control all events/activities in its physical,
technological and human aspects. Recent studies suggest that around 2.3
million laborer mortalities occur due to work-related accidents and diseases.
More than 474 million people endure chronic ailments, resulting from
occupational activity, and non-fatal accidents. The costs of these accidents
and/or ailment medication are of the order of US$2.8 trillion or 4% of gross
domestic product. These expenses are at least 10% more compared to its
Figure in the previous decade, and can be anticipated to grow more due to
rapid advancements in technology, changing nature of accidents, hazards and
risks, changing societal views of accidents, introduction of new forms of
regulations, and increasing levels of complexity and coupling.
337
