MIBO 3510 L EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
glucose - Answers -What should you subtract form media if you want to grow
photolithoautotrophs?
Pseudomonas - Answers -organism that denitrifies and returns N2 to the atmosphere
rhizobium - Answers -organism in the soil that fixes nitrogen into NH3/NH4+
nitrosomonas - Answers -organism that oxidizes NH4+ into NO2-
nitrobacter - Answers -organism that oxidizes NO2- into NO3-
What is an endospore? - Answers -Dormant (metabolically inactive) cell form with
exceptionally thick cell wall produced by spore-forming bacteria
What is a vegetative cell? - Answers -Actively growing cells of endospore-producing
bacteria
What is sporulation? - Answers -Specialized form of cell division that results in
endospore formation
What is germination? - Answers -Process of exiting the endospore state and beginning
vegetative growth
How do endospores form? (3 steps) - Answers -1. stress triggers asymmetric cell
division
2. Smaller daughter cell is engulfed/encapsulated to form endospore
3. Endospore is released on death of vegetative cell
steps of an endospore stain - Answers -1. prepare slide
2. place over steam bath and stain with malachite green for 5-7 min
3. rinse with water
4. stain with safranin for 1 min
5. rinse with water
6. dry
What is the purpose of the steam, used in spore staining? - Answers -The steam allows
the stain to penetrate the endospore wall.
Once it penetrates the wall, it can't come out. So then when you rinse it, it remains of
the of just the endospore. The actual cell itself, will lose the stain, and be colorless.
What is the purpose of Malachite green stain? - Answers -It will stain the endospore, but
not the outer wall.
glucose - Answers -What should you subtract form media if you want to grow
photolithoautotrophs?
Pseudomonas - Answers -organism that denitrifies and returns N2 to the atmosphere
rhizobium - Answers -organism in the soil that fixes nitrogen into NH3/NH4+
nitrosomonas - Answers -organism that oxidizes NH4+ into NO2-
nitrobacter - Answers -organism that oxidizes NO2- into NO3-
What is an endospore? - Answers -Dormant (metabolically inactive) cell form with
exceptionally thick cell wall produced by spore-forming bacteria
What is a vegetative cell? - Answers -Actively growing cells of endospore-producing
bacteria
What is sporulation? - Answers -Specialized form of cell division that results in
endospore formation
What is germination? - Answers -Process of exiting the endospore state and beginning
vegetative growth
How do endospores form? (3 steps) - Answers -1. stress triggers asymmetric cell
division
2. Smaller daughter cell is engulfed/encapsulated to form endospore
3. Endospore is released on death of vegetative cell
steps of an endospore stain - Answers -1. prepare slide
2. place over steam bath and stain with malachite green for 5-7 min
3. rinse with water
4. stain with safranin for 1 min
5. rinse with water
6. dry
What is the purpose of the steam, used in spore staining? - Answers -The steam allows
the stain to penetrate the endospore wall.
Once it penetrates the wall, it can't come out. So then when you rinse it, it remains of
the of just the endospore. The actual cell itself, will lose the stain, and be colorless.
What is the purpose of Malachite green stain? - Answers -It will stain the endospore, but
not the outer wall.
