HTH 408 Exam Review | Questions and Answers
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves: **
Answ** Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism? ** Answ** Using
materials from a source without proper citation.
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research
misconduct? ** Answ** Good mentoring
Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?
** Answ** To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed
intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally
removes data points on a graph in order to generate a deceptive conclusion? **
Answ** Falsification
According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is
considered to be research misconduct? ** Answ** Good mentoring
In response to a research misconduct allegation, what is the next main phase that takes
place after the inquiry if there is sufficient evidence to proceed? ** Answ** An
investigation
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves: **
Answ** Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or
omitting data.
What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies such as an IRB or an IACUC? **
Answ** To detect compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to
protecting research subjects.
What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management? ** Answ**
Confidentiality, availability, and integrity
In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to: ** Answ**
Whether operationalized concepts actually measure what they purport to measure.
Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection? ** Answ**
Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a
biased outcome.
,Which of following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project? **
Answ** The institution where a federally-funded project takes place.
Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship? ** Answ**
Agencies that fund research may include data sharing requirements in their funding
contracts.
Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship? **
Answ** It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as
an author.
Which of the following is a responsibility of each author? ** Answ** Confirming that
data have been accurately presented.
Which of the following is an example of plagiarism? ** Answ** Presenting someone
else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.
Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section? ** Answ**
The contributions of students and technicians are often listed in the acknowledgments
section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship.
Which of the following is true regarding publishing the same content in multiple papers?
** Answ** Using the same content in multiple papers is deceptive if it is not properly
disclosed.
Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?
** Answ** The corresponding author.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of
Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines? ** Answ** Individuals who do not meet
the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally
listed in the acknowledgments section.
Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship? ** Answ** Having
made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.
Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices? ** Answ**
Different disciplines have different practices about who should be included as an author.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for
grant proposals? ** Answ** Funding agencies usually have committees, often with
external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.
A reviewer's main responsibility is to: ** Answ** Be professional and prompt.
,The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate
grant proposals are: ** Answ** Intellectual merits and broader impacts.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?
** Answ** A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or
grant agency
Which of the following is true regarding single-blind and double-blind review: **
Answ** Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the
reviewer.
The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove
themselves from the review process is because: ** Answ** Their removal lessens
the chance that bias will affect the review process.
Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring? ** Answ**
Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.
What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a
mentor? ** Answ** After first attempting to communicate directly with the mentor, the
trainee should seek the counsel of a trusted senior person in the department or
organization.
Which of the following is to be avoided when seeking an effective mentor? ** Answ**
Trainees should assume that whoever is assigned to them as the thesis or research
adviser will be their best choice for a mentor.
Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the
mentoring relationship? ** Answ** The trainee must take an active role in the
relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring
relationship? ** Answ** Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that
are not covered in textbooks.
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring? **
Answ** A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.
The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who: ** Answ** Takes a sincere
interest in the growth and development of a trainee.
Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between mentor and
trainee? ** Answ** A faculty member searches out trainees merely for that person's
own career advancement.
, Which of following is true about the management of conflicts of interest? ** Answ**
Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest rather
than completely eliminating them.
If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity,
this is most likely an example of: ** Answ** A conflict of conscience
Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment? ** Answ**
It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.
The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is: ** Answ** Financial conflicts of
interest
The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's
conflict of interest can be managed is: ** Answ** A conflict of interest committee
Which of the following most clearly illustrates an example of an academic conflict of
interest? ** Answ** A researcher becomes overly attached to a specific research
outcome.
Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest? **
Answ** It occurs when an institution's financial interests could interfere with its
research activities.
Which of following is true about conflicts of interest? ** Answ** They increase the
likelihood of bias.
if an employer allows a friendship to interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically
referred to as: ** Answ** A personal conflict of interest.
Data ownership is typically determined by: ** Answ** The type and source of funds
used to support the project.
Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be
challenging? ** Answ** Language barriers and cultural differences among
collaborators can complicate communication.
Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations? ** Answ**
The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.
What is the most appropriate process for determining which journal a collaborative
research team should submit their work to? ** Answ** It should be discussed early
on in the collaboration by the members of the research team.
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, fabrication involves: **
Answ** Making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
Which of the following is most likely to be considered plagiarism? ** Answ** Using
materials from a source without proper citation.
Which of the following is the most effective strategy for preventing research
misconduct? ** Answ** Good mentoring
Which of the following is true regarding the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy?
** Answ** To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed
intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
Which type of research misconduct most likely occurred if someone intentionally
removes data points on a graph in order to generate a deceptive conclusion? **
Answ** Falsification
According to U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, which of the following is
considered to be research misconduct? ** Answ** Good mentoring
In response to a research misconduct allegation, what is the next main phase that takes
place after the inquiry if there is sufficient evidence to proceed? ** Answ** An
investigation
According to the U.S. Federal Research Misconduct Policy, falsification involves: **
Answ** Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or
omitting data.
What is the primary responsibility of oversight bodies such as an IRB or an IACUC? **
Answ** To detect compliance with regulatory requirements, including those relating to
protecting research subjects.
What are the three main goals of data lifecycle management? ** Answ**
Confidentiality, availability, and integrity
In the research context, the term validity most commonly refers to: ** Answ**
Whether operationalized concepts actually measure what they purport to measure.
Which of the following statements is true concerning data selection? ** Answ**
Establishing a data selection strategy prior to collecting data decreases the chance of a
biased outcome.
,Which of following is most likely to own the data resulting from a research project? **
Answ** The institution where a federally-funded project takes place.
Which of the following is true regarding data sharing and stewardship? ** Answ**
Agencies that fund research may include data sharing requirements in their funding
contracts.
Which of the following most accurately describes the practice of ghost authorship? **
Answ** It is a situation where the individual who wrote the manuscript is not listed as
an author.
Which of the following is a responsibility of each author? ** Answ** Confirming that
data have been accurately presented.
Which of the following is an example of plagiarism? ** Answ** Presenting someone
else's ideas or words and claiming them as one's own.
Which of the following is true regarding an acknowledgments section? ** Answ**
The contributions of students and technicians are often listed in the acknowledgments
section if they do not meet all of the criteria for authorship.
Which of the following is true regarding publishing the same content in multiple papers?
** Answ** Using the same content in multiple papers is deceptive if it is not properly
disclosed.
Which author is normally responsible for sharing reprints of a publication with readers?
** Answ** The corresponding author.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the International Committee of
Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines? ** Answ** Individuals who do not meet
the criteria for authorship but who have made a noteworthy contribution are normally
listed in the acknowledgments section.
Which of the following is the primary criterion for authorship? ** Answ** Having
made a significant intellectual contribution to the work.
Which of the following statements is true regarding authorship practices? ** Answ**
Different disciplines have different practices about who should be included as an author.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the review process for
grant proposals? ** Answ** Funding agencies usually have committees, often with
external reviewers, that assess the quality of the proposal.
A reviewer's main responsibility is to: ** Answ** Be professional and prompt.
,The two main criteria that the National Science Foundation (NSF) uses to evaluate
grant proposals are: ** Answ** Intellectual merits and broader impacts.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the responsibilities of a reviewer?
** Answ** A reviewer's conflict of interest should be disclosed to the journal editor or
grant agency
Which of the following is true regarding single-blind and double-blind review: **
Answ** Under single-blind review, the identity of the author is revealed to the
reviewer.
The main reason that grant proposal reviewers with a conflict of interest should remove
themselves from the review process is because: ** Answ** Their removal lessens
the chance that bias will affect the review process.
Which of the following is most directly related to successful mentoring? ** Answ**
Someone who is committed to the professional development of the trainee.
What is the most appropriate course of action for a trainee who has a problem with a
mentor? ** Answ** After first attempting to communicate directly with the mentor, the
trainee should seek the counsel of a trusted senior person in the department or
organization.
Which of the following is to be avoided when seeking an effective mentor? ** Answ**
Trainees should assume that whoever is assigned to them as the thesis or research
adviser will be their best choice for a mentor.
Which of the following most accurately describes the responsibilities of a trainee in the
mentoring relationship? ** Answ** The trainee must take an active role in the
relationship and clearly communicate needs and expectations.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the mentoring
relationship? ** Answ** Mentors teach trainees about aspects of academic life that
are not covered in textbooks.
Which of the following statements best exemplifies the importance of mentoring? **
Answ** A mechanism to transmit values and standards of professional conduct.
The defining characteristic of a mentor is someone who: ** Answ** Takes a sincere
interest in the growth and development of a trainee.
Which of the following is most likely to create a poor relationship between mentor and
trainee? ** Answ** A faculty member searches out trainees merely for that person's
own career advancement.
, Which of following is true about the management of conflicts of interest? ** Answ**
Management plans are often created to reduce the impact of conflicts of interest rather
than completely eliminating them.
If researchers allow their moral or other personal beliefs to influence their objectivity,
this is most likely an example of: ** Answ** A conflict of conscience
Which of the following most accurately describes a conflict of commitment? ** Answ**
It occurs when outside activities interfere with obligations to one's primary employer.
The main focus of NIH's conflict of interest policy is: ** Answ** Financial conflicts of
interest
The entity that normally is supposed to determine whether an academic researcher's
conflict of interest can be managed is: ** Answ** A conflict of interest committee
Which of the following most clearly illustrates an example of an academic conflict of
interest? ** Answ** A researcher becomes overly attached to a specific research
outcome.
Which of the following most accurately describes an institutional conflict of interest? **
Answ** It occurs when an institution's financial interests could interfere with its
research activities.
Which of following is true about conflicts of interest? ** Answ** They increase the
likelihood of bias.
if an employer allows a friendship to interfere with a hiring decision, this is typically
referred to as: ** Answ** A personal conflict of interest.
Data ownership is typically determined by: ** Answ** The type and source of funds
used to support the project.
Which of the following is a key reason why international collaborations can be
challenging? ** Answ** Language barriers and cultural differences among
collaborators can complicate communication.
Which of the following is true regarding academic-industry collaborations? ** Answ**
The industry sponsor typically owns the data from research that it funds.
What is the most appropriate process for determining which journal a collaborative
research team should submit their work to? ** Answ** It should be discussed early
on in the collaboration by the members of the research team.
