Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of
Chemistry
Chemistry
It is a discipline of science that studies matter’s composition,
structure, and characteristics.
The father of chemistry is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.
Matter
Matter is defined as everything that takes up space and has mass.
It is made up of microscopic particles that are separated by space.
The matter particles are attracted to one another and are in constant
motion.
:
Elements
It is the most basic form of pure material, unable of being
decomposed into or constructed from simpler compounds using
conventional physical and chemical procedures.
There are just one type of atoms in it.
There are a total of 118 elements that have been discovered so far.
The most prevalent element in the earth crust is OXYgen (46.6
percent), a non-metal.
, Compounds
It’s also a type of matter that may be created by mixing two or more
elements in a certain mass ratio.
Water (H2O) is made up of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1: 8 by
mass and may be broken into its constituent parts using proper
chemical procedures.
There are two sorts of compounds:
**Inorganic substances **
These molecules were previously thought to be formed from non-
living sources such as rocks and minerals.
But, with the exception of carbon hydrides (hydrocarbons) and their
derivatives, these are the compounds of all elements.Organic
compounds
These molecules, according to previous experts, are obtained from
living sources such as plants and animals, or they are buried beneath
the soil (e.g., petroleum).
These are carbon hydrides and their derivatives, according to
contemporary definitions.
Mixtures
These are composed of two or more pure materials. They can have a
variety of compositions and can be broken down into their
constituents using physical means.
Mixtures can be homogeneous (when the mixture is consistent
throughout) or heterogeneous (when the composition varies) (when
composition is not uniform throughout).
Chemistry
Chemistry
It is a discipline of science that studies matter’s composition,
structure, and characteristics.
The father of chemistry is Antoine Laurent Lavoisier.
Matter
Matter is defined as everything that takes up space and has mass.
It is made up of microscopic particles that are separated by space.
The matter particles are attracted to one another and are in constant
motion.
:
Elements
It is the most basic form of pure material, unable of being
decomposed into or constructed from simpler compounds using
conventional physical and chemical procedures.
There are just one type of atoms in it.
There are a total of 118 elements that have been discovered so far.
The most prevalent element in the earth crust is OXYgen (46.6
percent), a non-metal.
, Compounds
It’s also a type of matter that may be created by mixing two or more
elements in a certain mass ratio.
Water (H2O) is made up of hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1: 8 by
mass and may be broken into its constituent parts using proper
chemical procedures.
There are two sorts of compounds:
**Inorganic substances **
These molecules were previously thought to be formed from non-
living sources such as rocks and minerals.
But, with the exception of carbon hydrides (hydrocarbons) and their
derivatives, these are the compounds of all elements.Organic
compounds
These molecules, according to previous experts, are obtained from
living sources such as plants and animals, or they are buried beneath
the soil (e.g., petroleum).
These are carbon hydrides and their derivatives, according to
contemporary definitions.
Mixtures
These are composed of two or more pure materials. They can have a
variety of compositions and can be broken down into their
constituents using physical means.
Mixtures can be homogeneous (when the mixture is consistent
throughout) or heterogeneous (when the composition varies) (when
composition is not uniform throughout).
