Summary Handwritten notes- BSN mental health notes

SCHICOPHRENIA
# Coined by Swiss Psychiatrist EUGEN BLEULER in 1908
DEFINE:- Split mind (F20-F21)
 Disturbance in thinking, emotions, volitions, and
faculties in presence of clear consciousness usually
leading to social withdrawal.
 Resulting in some combination of hallucinations,
delusion, thinking and
behaviour and impairs History
daily functioning.
 Benedict morel: dementia praecox
 Emil Kraepelin: focused on subtypes of
schizophrenia
 Many of Kraepelin and Bleuler’s ideas are
still with us


CAUSES:-
Duration to time
 Premorbid: No/Few symptoms difference:-
 Prodromal: Attenuated symptoms
 Onset/Progressive: Deterioration  Brief psychotic disorder: less than
 Chronic: Cognitive, negative, functioning disorder1etc.
month
 Schizophreniform: 1 – 6 months


GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
1. Thoughts / speech
 Idiosyncratic generally
 Echolalia
 Biological factors
 Perseveration
 Neurotransmitter
 Verbigeration
 Genetic
 Neologism
 Anatomical factor
 Associative looseness
 Environmental factors
2. Perception
 Family
 Auditory hallucination
 Social
 Visual hallucination
 Learning
3. Emotions
 Psychological factors
 Anhedonia
 Psychoanalytic
 Blunted defect
 Vulnerable stress model
4. Motor movements
 Stereotype activity

, Types of schizophrenia
F20.0:- PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Always suspicious about something or someone, delusions
 Most common form
 Able to cure and deterioration is minimum
 Good prognosis if treated earlier
Clinical features:-
 Delusion of persecution:- feels like conspired against, cheated on,
doubt, poisoned
 Delusion of reference:- thinks that everybody is discussing about him
only
 Delusion of jealousy:- jealous about their sexual partner
 Delusion of grandiosity:- superior feeling
 Auditory hallucination
 Erotomania:- thinks that higher male/female is in love with him/her
 Others:- disturbance of affect(blunt), volition, speech, motor,
behaviour
F20.1:- HEBEPHRENIC (disorganized) SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Early onset, (20-25 yrs)
 Thought disorder
 Incoherence
 Severe loosening of association
 Extreme social impairment Positive and negative
 Delusion and hallucination are symptoms of schizophrenia
fragmental and changeable POSITIVE NEGATIVE
 Chronic and progressive Presence of Absence of
 Recovery never occur problematic healthy
behavior behavior
 Worst prognosis
Clinical features:-  Flat affect (no
 Silly/childish behaviour  Hallucinations,
emotion showing
 Bed wetting especially
in the face)
 Defecation auditory  Reduced social
 Openly masturbation  Delusion, interaction
 Resist to wear clothes especially  Anhedonia (no
 Mirroring persecutory feeling of
 Giggling  Disorganized enjoyment)
thoughts and  Avolition (less
 Grimacing
non sensical motivation)
F20.2:- CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Alogia(speaking
 Marked disturbances of motor behaviour less)
 Good prognosis  Catatonia
Clinical features:- (moving less)
a. Catatonic stupor-
 Mutism