MPP ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVISION MATERIAL. CLUSTERED STUDY GUIDE,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Match the epithelial cell with its function: Simple, squamous
(lung, blood vessel) - exchange Stratified - protection
Simple columnar- transporting
2. Match the chemical with its form of transport: Insulin -
exocytosis sodium efflux- Na+K+ATPase Glucose - GLUT
Sodium and glucose influx -SGLT
3. Select all of the following that raise blood glucose levels:
Gluconeogenesis Glucagon insulin cellular uptake into skeletal
muscle cells absorption from the diet
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning
homeostasis.• . _Hormones are often sensors of variables
-Homeostasis keeps internal variables at an exact level
-Positive feedback is the predominant way to maintain homeostasis
-Negative feedback is the predominant way to maintain homeostasis
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the
data (a glucose drink was given to each patient at 15 min): -The
blue line most represents a patient with type I diabetes
-Cellular uptake of glucose is enhanced in the patient
represented by t'
-Urine theshold is at a blood glucose of 6 or higher
-SGLT is saturated in all of the patients
-The red line represents a patient with increased insulin sensitivity
6. Glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells:: - occurs by facilitated
diffusion through GLUT2
- is stimulated by glucagon
1/56
,- is increased in type 1 diabetic patients
- occurs by facilitated diffusion through GLUT4
7. Osmosis requires and a : a. aquaporins
b. solute gradient
8. Select all that are TRUE of secondary active transport: -
directly hydrolyzes
- moves a molecule against its concentration gradient by coupling it to
the movement of sodium down its concentration gradient
- requires primary active transport
- directly facilitates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells
- only moves a molecule in the same direction as sodium moves
9. Which of the following statements concerning insulin is FALSE:
- Insulin inhibits glycogen synthase in the liver
- Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in the liver
- Insulin stimulates cellular responses by activating the insulin
receptor
- Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via GLUT4
10. In the fasted state:: - GLUT4 transporters will predominately be
found on the membrane of skeletal muscle cells
- glucagon will stimulate the breakdown of glycogen
- pancreatic beta cells will be stimulated to release glucagon
- C-peptide levels in the blood will be increased
1 1 . Select all that are TRUE regarding the role of glucagon: -
glucagon signals liver cells to release glucose to the blood
, MPP ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVISION MATERIAL. CLUSTERED STUDY GUIDE,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- glucagon signals liver and skeletal muscle to synthesize glycogen
- glucagon is antagonistic to insulin
- glucagon is released from pancreatic beta cells when blood glucose
is low
- glucagon increases blood glucose levels
12. Select all of the following statements that are TRUE
concerning the digestion and absorption of fat.: - Absorption is
via the lymphatics
- Absorption is via the circulation.
- Triglycerides are digested into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride
- The digestion of fat requires amylase and pepsin - The digestion of
fat requires bile acids and lipase.
13. Match the following metabolic reactions with their function:
Cori Cycle - the conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate in the liver
Urea Cycle - allows excretion of nitrogen
Lipogenesis - formation of triglycerides from glycerol and fatty acids
Gluconeogenesis - glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrates
Glycogenesis - glycogen synthesis in cells
14. Order the following events in the digestion of
carbohydrates: 1. Salivary amylase digests carbohydrates
3/56
, 2. Brush border enzymes to complete digestion in the small intestine
3. Glucose is absorbed into enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) via
SGLT
4. glucose is transported out of enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) by
GLUT2 15. Match the digestive enzymes with their site of action and
target: Amylase intestine, carbohydrates
Chymotrypsin - intestine, proteins
Lipase - intestine, lipids
Pepsin - stomach, proteins
16. Match the following:: Glycolysis - cytoplasm, oxygen-
independent citric acid cycle - mitochondrial matrix, oxygen-
dependent
oxidative phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane, oxygen-
dependent 17. Match the following hormones with their function:
Secretin - stimulates bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
cholecystokinin (CCK) - stimulates bile acid secretion from the
gallbladder
Insulin - leads to a decrease in blood glucose
Glp-l - stimulates insulin release
Cortisol - stimulates lipolysis
18. Match the following: Glycolysis - produces 2 ATP under
anaerobic conditions
Citric Acid Cycle - produces NADH and FADH2 required for electron
transport
REVISION MATERIAL. CLUSTERED STUDY GUIDE,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Match the epithelial cell with its function: Simple, squamous
(lung, blood vessel) - exchange Stratified - protection
Simple columnar- transporting
2. Match the chemical with its form of transport: Insulin -
exocytosis sodium efflux- Na+K+ATPase Glucose - GLUT
Sodium and glucose influx -SGLT
3. Select all of the following that raise blood glucose levels:
Gluconeogenesis Glucagon insulin cellular uptake into skeletal
muscle cells absorption from the diet
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning
homeostasis.• . _Hormones are often sensors of variables
-Homeostasis keeps internal variables at an exact level
-Positive feedback is the predominant way to maintain homeostasis
-Negative feedback is the predominant way to maintain homeostasis
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the
data (a glucose drink was given to each patient at 15 min): -The
blue line most represents a patient with type I diabetes
-Cellular uptake of glucose is enhanced in the patient
represented by t'
-Urine theshold is at a blood glucose of 6 or higher
-SGLT is saturated in all of the patients
-The red line represents a patient with increased insulin sensitivity
6. Glucose uptake into muscle and fat cells:: - occurs by facilitated
diffusion through GLUT2
- is stimulated by glucagon
1/56
,- is increased in type 1 diabetic patients
- occurs by facilitated diffusion through GLUT4
7. Osmosis requires and a : a. aquaporins
b. solute gradient
8. Select all that are TRUE of secondary active transport: -
directly hydrolyzes
- moves a molecule against its concentration gradient by coupling it to
the movement of sodium down its concentration gradient
- requires primary active transport
- directly facilitates glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells
- only moves a molecule in the same direction as sodium moves
9. Which of the following statements concerning insulin is FALSE:
- Insulin inhibits glycogen synthase in the liver
- Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in the liver
- Insulin stimulates cellular responses by activating the insulin
receptor
- Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via GLUT4
10. In the fasted state:: - GLUT4 transporters will predominately be
found on the membrane of skeletal muscle cells
- glucagon will stimulate the breakdown of glycogen
- pancreatic beta cells will be stimulated to release glucagon
- C-peptide levels in the blood will be increased
1 1 . Select all that are TRUE regarding the role of glucagon: -
glucagon signals liver cells to release glucose to the blood
, MPP ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVISION MATERIAL. CLUSTERED STUDY GUIDE,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- glucagon signals liver and skeletal muscle to synthesize glycogen
- glucagon is antagonistic to insulin
- glucagon is released from pancreatic beta cells when blood glucose
is low
- glucagon increases blood glucose levels
12. Select all of the following statements that are TRUE
concerning the digestion and absorption of fat.: - Absorption is
via the lymphatics
- Absorption is via the circulation.
- Triglycerides are digested into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride
- The digestion of fat requires amylase and pepsin - The digestion of
fat requires bile acids and lipase.
13. Match the following metabolic reactions with their function:
Cori Cycle - the conversion of lactic acid to pyruvate in the liver
Urea Cycle - allows excretion of nitrogen
Lipogenesis - formation of triglycerides from glycerol and fatty acids
Gluconeogenesis - glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrates
Glycogenesis - glycogen synthesis in cells
14. Order the following events in the digestion of
carbohydrates: 1. Salivary amylase digests carbohydrates
3/56
, 2. Brush border enzymes to complete digestion in the small intestine
3. Glucose is absorbed into enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) via
SGLT
4. glucose is transported out of enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) by
GLUT2 15. Match the digestive enzymes with their site of action and
target: Amylase intestine, carbohydrates
Chymotrypsin - intestine, proteins
Lipase - intestine, lipids
Pepsin - stomach, proteins
16. Match the following:: Glycolysis - cytoplasm, oxygen-
independent citric acid cycle - mitochondrial matrix, oxygen-
dependent
oxidative phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane, oxygen-
dependent 17. Match the following hormones with their function:
Secretin - stimulates bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas
cholecystokinin (CCK) - stimulates bile acid secretion from the
gallbladder
Insulin - leads to a decrease in blood glucose
Glp-l - stimulates insulin release
Cortisol - stimulates lipolysis
18. Match the following: Glycolysis - produces 2 ATP under
anaerobic conditions
Citric Acid Cycle - produces NADH and FADH2 required for electron
transport
