A Beta fibers - Answer-Large myelinated fibers
*transmit touch and vibration sensations
*Do NOT normally transmit pain, but play a role in pain modulation
/.Abnormal ocular movements such as strabismus, nystagmus, and paralysis of extra
ocular muscles can be a result of damage to which cranial nerves? - Answer-
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
/.Afferent - Answer-Towards (towards the spinal cord)
/.autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer-located in both CNS and PNS
Maintains steady-state among visceral organs
Preganglionic (myelinated ) and Post ganglionic (non mylinated) nerve fibers
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
/.Brain receives how much cardiac output? - Answer-20% 800 to 1000ml of blood flow
per minute
/.Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - Answer-Motor
aspect of speech. Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability
to form words. "Expressive aphasia"
/.Cauda Equina - Answer-Nerve bundle at the end of the spinal cord
/.Cerebrospinal fluid analysis - Answer-
/.Cognitive cerebral functions require a functioning what? - Answer-Reticular Activating
System (regulates aspects of attention, information processes and maintains
consciousness
/.Concerning the nervous system, what happens with age? - Answer-decreased number
of neurons
decreased brain size and weight
fibrosis and thickening of the meninges
Narrowed gyri and widened sulci
Increased ventricles
/.Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - Answer-Contralateral control
, /.Conus Medullaris - Answer-End of spinal cord
/.Damage to the Cerebellum causes ipsilatereal damage or contralateral damage? -
Answer-Ipsilateral (same side)
/.Define Acute pain - Answer-normal protective mechanism that alerts the individual to a
condition or experience that is immediately harmful. Prompts body to mobilize and take
prompt action.
Duration: seconds to days. up to 3 months.
/.Define chronic neuropathic pain - Answer-long term plastic changes along the
somatosensory pathways from the periphery to the cortex and abnormal processing of
sensory info by PNS and CNS
/.Define Chronic pain - Answer-pain lasting well beyond the expected normal healing
time. more than 3-6 months. can be constant or intermittent.
Persistent pain can allow for physiologic adaptation such as BP and HR returning to
normal range even though pain is ongoing.
/.Define neuropathic pain - Answer-chronic pain initiated or caused by primary lesion or
dysfunction in the nervous system. Leads to long-term changes in pain pathway
structures and abnormal processing of sensory information
/.Define Referred Pain - Answer-pain felt in an area removed or distant from its point of
origin. The area of referred pain is supplied by spinal segment as the actual site of pain
/.Define Somatic pain - Answer-arises from muscle, bone, joints, and skin. Either sharp
and well-localized or dull, aching, throbbing. depending on which fibers are carrying the
impulse. (a-fibers vs c fibers)
/.Define Visceral Pain - Answer-transmitted by C fibers and refers to pain in internal
organs and the lining of the body cavities with an aching, gnawing, throbbing, or
intermittent cramping quality. Radiates from actual site
/.Describe Cognitive evaluative system - Answer-mediated through the cerebral cortex.
*overlies the individual's learned behavior concerning the experience of pain and can
modulate perception of pain
/.Describe pain threshold - Answer-point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain and it
does not vary significantly among people or in the same person over time
/.Describe Pain tolerance - Answer-duration of time or the intensity of pain that an
individual will endure before initiating overt pain responses
*Generally decreased by a person's cultural perceptions, expectations, role behaviors,
physical and mental health, gender, age, fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehension, and
sleep deprivation
*transmit touch and vibration sensations
*Do NOT normally transmit pain, but play a role in pain modulation
/.Abnormal ocular movements such as strabismus, nystagmus, and paralysis of extra
ocular muscles can be a result of damage to which cranial nerves? - Answer-
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens
/.Afferent - Answer-Towards (towards the spinal cord)
/.autonomic nervous system (ANS) - Answer-located in both CNS and PNS
Maintains steady-state among visceral organs
Preganglionic (myelinated ) and Post ganglionic (non mylinated) nerve fibers
Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
/.Brain receives how much cardiac output? - Answer-20% 800 to 1000ml of blood flow
per minute
/.Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - Answer-Motor
aspect of speech. Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability
to form words. "Expressive aphasia"
/.Cauda Equina - Answer-Nerve bundle at the end of the spinal cord
/.Cerebrospinal fluid analysis - Answer-
/.Cognitive cerebral functions require a functioning what? - Answer-Reticular Activating
System (regulates aspects of attention, information processes and maintains
consciousness
/.Concerning the nervous system, what happens with age? - Answer-decreased number
of neurons
decreased brain size and weight
fibrosis and thickening of the meninges
Narrowed gyri and widened sulci
Increased ventricles
/.Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - Answer-Contralateral control
, /.Conus Medullaris - Answer-End of spinal cord
/.Damage to the Cerebellum causes ipsilatereal damage or contralateral damage? -
Answer-Ipsilateral (same side)
/.Define Acute pain - Answer-normal protective mechanism that alerts the individual to a
condition or experience that is immediately harmful. Prompts body to mobilize and take
prompt action.
Duration: seconds to days. up to 3 months.
/.Define chronic neuropathic pain - Answer-long term plastic changes along the
somatosensory pathways from the periphery to the cortex and abnormal processing of
sensory info by PNS and CNS
/.Define Chronic pain - Answer-pain lasting well beyond the expected normal healing
time. more than 3-6 months. can be constant or intermittent.
Persistent pain can allow for physiologic adaptation such as BP and HR returning to
normal range even though pain is ongoing.
/.Define neuropathic pain - Answer-chronic pain initiated or caused by primary lesion or
dysfunction in the nervous system. Leads to long-term changes in pain pathway
structures and abnormal processing of sensory information
/.Define Referred Pain - Answer-pain felt in an area removed or distant from its point of
origin. The area of referred pain is supplied by spinal segment as the actual site of pain
/.Define Somatic pain - Answer-arises from muscle, bone, joints, and skin. Either sharp
and well-localized or dull, aching, throbbing. depending on which fibers are carrying the
impulse. (a-fibers vs c fibers)
/.Define Visceral Pain - Answer-transmitted by C fibers and refers to pain in internal
organs and the lining of the body cavities with an aching, gnawing, throbbing, or
intermittent cramping quality. Radiates from actual site
/.Describe Cognitive evaluative system - Answer-mediated through the cerebral cortex.
*overlies the individual's learned behavior concerning the experience of pain and can
modulate perception of pain
/.Describe pain threshold - Answer-point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain and it
does not vary significantly among people or in the same person over time
/.Describe Pain tolerance - Answer-duration of time or the intensity of pain that an
individual will endure before initiating overt pain responses
*Generally decreased by a person's cultural perceptions, expectations, role behaviors,
physical and mental health, gender, age, fatigue, anger, boredom, apprehension, and
sleep deprivation
