Stee Studies
MODULE - 02
ORGANISING AND STAFFING
Meaning of Organization
Organization is a process which integrates different type of activities to achieve
organizational goals and objectives, to achieve these goals there must be competent management
providing them all those factors to perform their job efficiently and effectively. Organization is
nothing but is a process of integrating and coordinating the efforts of men and material for the
accomplishment of set objectives.
Every thinker is of the opinion that an organization is a process. They further have added
that this process leads identification of work to be performed which for convenience sake should
be objectively grouped and defined. Then the work should be assigned to individuals according
to their aptitude, technical knowledge, skill and efficiency. For satisfactory working the
individuals should be given some right and authority. A mutual relationship between jobs (what
to be done) duties (to be performed) and authority (to be exercised) should be established.
Organization is just like a tool in the hands of management. Net results will be perfect if the tool
is well designed and handed properly.
Meaning of Staffing:
Staffing is the traditional management function of attraction and selection of the best
people and putting them on job where their talents and skills can be best utilized, and retention
of these people through incentives, job training and job enrichment programmers, in order to
achieve both individual and organizational objectives. This emphasizes managing human and
not material or financial resources.
Staffing is the function of human relationship in the organizational structure with
competent staff. Staffing in that part of the management function which is concerned with people
at work and with their relationship within the organization.
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,Stee Studies
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISATION
Robbins defines Organization as ' a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two
or more people, that functions as a relatively continuous basis to achieve common goals of set
of goals.
Agrawal defines organization as ' a goal oriented open system composed of people, structure
and technology.
From the above definitions, an organization has the following characteristics-
It is an open system.
It is a goal oriented.
It is a collection of people.
Organization consists of people.
Organization consists of technology, and
It has continuity.
Organization is an open system : An open system means open to environment. Organization
exists and functions in environment. Environment compels the organization to acquire right type of
people, technology and structure so that the goals to serve the environment can be attained. The
organization is thus greatly influence the environment. Usually the demands or wants of the people
determines the strategies and goals of an organization. What are the needs in the market and how an
organization can bring new and needy products to the market create an interaction between the
organization and the environment. Without interaction, organization cannot fulfill required products
or services to the users groups. This way, an organization is an open system, without which it
cannot survive.
Organization is goal oriented: Without goal or set of goals, organization is useless. There is
nothing for the organization to do. Therefore, the major characteristic of any organization is its
goal. Type of people or technology is adopted so that the set goal can be achieved. The goal gives
line of action; acquire required type of people and uses type of technology so that the goal is
achieved in an anticipated time point. Without goal, organization cannot be formed.
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,Stee Studies
Organization is a collection of people: People are the main performers in any organization. In
other world, all the elements of any organization are the same except the cpeople. Even with the
same age, qualification, experience and facilities, the output of the people may vary, simply
because the needs and wants of all people are not the same. What makes them work by heart and
head is the one that differentiate organizations from one to others.
Organization consists of technology: Technology is the means of doing works. There are various
kinds of doing works. As an organization consists of more people, its performance procedure
should be of a fixed type so that each individual in the organization can exercise them well. This is
how technology initiates. Technology eases the work and shortens the time. Technology originates
a certain policy necessary to keep organizational beliefs in doings of the various people at different
structural level.
Organization has continuity: As the organization involves people, and the people generate
different needs, they can leave the organization or some may die too. This does not affect the
organization to stop or decrease in size. Hence, it is said that every organization has its own
continuity. A good manager can leave but other better man can take over the charge of the
organization.
THE ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS
Organizing, like planning, must be a carefully worked out and applied process. This process
involves determining what work is needed to accomplish the goal, assigning those tasks to
individuals, and arranging those individuals in a decision‐making framework (organizational
structure). The end result of the organizing process is an organization a whole consisting of unified
parts acting in harmony to execute tasks to achieve goals, both effectively and efficiently.
A properly implemented organizing process should result in a work environment where all
team members are aware of their responsibilities. If the organizing process is not conducted well,
the results may yield confusion, frustration, loss of efficiency, and limited effectiveness
The stages or steps in the process of organization are explained below:
1. Fixing the objectives of the organization
At the top level, administrative management first fixes the common objectives of organisation. At
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the middle level, executive management fix the departmental objectives. Lastly, at the lower level,
supervisory management fix the day-to-day objectives. All the objectives of the organisation must
be specific and realistic
2. Finding activities must for achieving objectives
After fixing the objectives, the top-level management prepares a list of different activities (or
works) which are required to be carried out for achieving these objectives. This list is prepared at
random without following any sequence or order. This is a very important step because it helps to
avoid duplication, overlapping and wastage of efforts.
3. Grouping the similar activities
All similar or related activities having a common purpose are grouped together to make
departments. For e.g. all activities or works which are directly or indirectly connected with
purchasing are grouped together to make the Purchase Department. So various departments such as
Purchase, Production, Marketing, Finance, etc. are made. The grouping of similar activities leads to
division of labour and specialization.
4. Defining responsibilities of each employee
The responsibilities (duties) of each employee are clearly defined. This will result in the selection
of a right person for the right post / job. He / she will know exactly what to do and what not to do.
Therefore, it will result in efficiency.
5. Delegating authority to employees
Each employee is delegated (surrender or given) authority. Without authority, the employees
cannot carry out their responsibilities. Authority is the right to give orders and the power to get
obedience. The authority given to an employee should be equal to the responsibility given to him.
6. Defining authority relationship
When two or more persons work together for a common goal, it becomes necessary to clearly
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MODULE - 02
ORGANISING AND STAFFING
Meaning of Organization
Organization is a process which integrates different type of activities to achieve
organizational goals and objectives, to achieve these goals there must be competent management
providing them all those factors to perform their job efficiently and effectively. Organization is
nothing but is a process of integrating and coordinating the efforts of men and material for the
accomplishment of set objectives.
Every thinker is of the opinion that an organization is a process. They further have added
that this process leads identification of work to be performed which for convenience sake should
be objectively grouped and defined. Then the work should be assigned to individuals according
to their aptitude, technical knowledge, skill and efficiency. For satisfactory working the
individuals should be given some right and authority. A mutual relationship between jobs (what
to be done) duties (to be performed) and authority (to be exercised) should be established.
Organization is just like a tool in the hands of management. Net results will be perfect if the tool
is well designed and handed properly.
Meaning of Staffing:
Staffing is the traditional management function of attraction and selection of the best
people and putting them on job where their talents and skills can be best utilized, and retention
of these people through incentives, job training and job enrichment programmers, in order to
achieve both individual and organizational objectives. This emphasizes managing human and
not material or financial resources.
Staffing is the function of human relationship in the organizational structure with
competent staff. Staffing in that part of the management function which is concerned with people
at work and with their relationship within the organization.
Page 1
,Stee Studies
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISATION
Robbins defines Organization as ' a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two
or more people, that functions as a relatively continuous basis to achieve common goals of set
of goals.
Agrawal defines organization as ' a goal oriented open system composed of people, structure
and technology.
From the above definitions, an organization has the following characteristics-
It is an open system.
It is a goal oriented.
It is a collection of people.
Organization consists of people.
Organization consists of technology, and
It has continuity.
Organization is an open system : An open system means open to environment. Organization
exists and functions in environment. Environment compels the organization to acquire right type of
people, technology and structure so that the goals to serve the environment can be attained. The
organization is thus greatly influence the environment. Usually the demands or wants of the people
determines the strategies and goals of an organization. What are the needs in the market and how an
organization can bring new and needy products to the market create an interaction between the
organization and the environment. Without interaction, organization cannot fulfill required products
or services to the users groups. This way, an organization is an open system, without which it
cannot survive.
Organization is goal oriented: Without goal or set of goals, organization is useless. There is
nothing for the organization to do. Therefore, the major characteristic of any organization is its
goal. Type of people or technology is adopted so that the set goal can be achieved. The goal gives
line of action; acquire required type of people and uses type of technology so that the goal is
achieved in an anticipated time point. Without goal, organization cannot be formed.
Page 2
,Stee Studies
Organization is a collection of people: People are the main performers in any organization. In
other world, all the elements of any organization are the same except the cpeople. Even with the
same age, qualification, experience and facilities, the output of the people may vary, simply
because the needs and wants of all people are not the same. What makes them work by heart and
head is the one that differentiate organizations from one to others.
Organization consists of technology: Technology is the means of doing works. There are various
kinds of doing works. As an organization consists of more people, its performance procedure
should be of a fixed type so that each individual in the organization can exercise them well. This is
how technology initiates. Technology eases the work and shortens the time. Technology originates
a certain policy necessary to keep organizational beliefs in doings of the various people at different
structural level.
Organization has continuity: As the organization involves people, and the people generate
different needs, they can leave the organization or some may die too. This does not affect the
organization to stop or decrease in size. Hence, it is said that every organization has its own
continuity. A good manager can leave but other better man can take over the charge of the
organization.
THE ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS
Organizing, like planning, must be a carefully worked out and applied process. This process
involves determining what work is needed to accomplish the goal, assigning those tasks to
individuals, and arranging those individuals in a decision‐making framework (organizational
structure). The end result of the organizing process is an organization a whole consisting of unified
parts acting in harmony to execute tasks to achieve goals, both effectively and efficiently.
A properly implemented organizing process should result in a work environment where all
team members are aware of their responsibilities. If the organizing process is not conducted well,
the results may yield confusion, frustration, loss of efficiency, and limited effectiveness
The stages or steps in the process of organization are explained below:
1. Fixing the objectives of the organization
At the top level, administrative management first fixes the common objectives of organisation. At
Page 3
, Stee Studies
the middle level, executive management fix the departmental objectives. Lastly, at the lower level,
supervisory management fix the day-to-day objectives. All the objectives of the organisation must
be specific and realistic
2. Finding activities must for achieving objectives
After fixing the objectives, the top-level management prepares a list of different activities (or
works) which are required to be carried out for achieving these objectives. This list is prepared at
random without following any sequence or order. This is a very important step because it helps to
avoid duplication, overlapping and wastage of efforts.
3. Grouping the similar activities
All similar or related activities having a common purpose are grouped together to make
departments. For e.g. all activities or works which are directly or indirectly connected with
purchasing are grouped together to make the Purchase Department. So various departments such as
Purchase, Production, Marketing, Finance, etc. are made. The grouping of similar activities leads to
division of labour and specialization.
4. Defining responsibilities of each employee
The responsibilities (duties) of each employee are clearly defined. This will result in the selection
of a right person for the right post / job. He / she will know exactly what to do and what not to do.
Therefore, it will result in efficiency.
5. Delegating authority to employees
Each employee is delegated (surrender or given) authority. Without authority, the employees
cannot carry out their responsibilities. Authority is the right to give orders and the power to get
obedience. The authority given to an employee should be equal to the responsibility given to him.
6. Defining authority relationship
When two or more persons work together for a common goal, it becomes necessary to clearly
Page 4
