Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm 6501
Walden University
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following? - -Answer: XXY
- A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the
autopsy report to describe this condition? - -Answer: Tetraploidy
- A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: - -Answer: Delayed age of
onset
- A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained? - -Answer:
Nucleolus
- A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and
hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - -Answer:
Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
- A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The
nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is
determined by: - -Answer: Plasma proteins
- A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for? - -Answer: The person who is first
diagnosed with a genetic disease
- A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is
the nurse's best response? - -Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
- A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? -
-Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
- Addison's - -___ symptoms:
brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
hyponatremia d/t low aldosterone levels --> hyperkalemia
hypoglycemia d/t low cortisol
, low bp, risk for vascular collapse going into shock
- adrenal cortex - -outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol,
aldosterone, and sex hormones
- Aldosterone - -Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium
ions and water to regulate BP via angiotensin-aldosterone system,
retention of sodium and secretes potassium
- An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide? - -Answer: Expressivity
- anterior pituitary gland - -the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an
endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic
hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Anti-diuretic hormone - -aka Vasopressin
ADH is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in
the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much water to
conserve.
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood.
- aortic regurgitation - -(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve
that allows backward flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during
diastole
- aortic stenosis - -calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts
forward flow of blood during systole
narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle
to the ascending aorta during systole
- autoimmune - -Addison's disease is typically an ____ disorder where
the body is attacking the adrenal cortex on top of the adrenal gland
- calcium - -parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
- cardiac tamponade - -acute compression of the heart caused by fluid
accumulation in the pericardial cavity--> impairs cardiac filling leading to
low cardiac output.
- cerebral, coma - -DKA causes nausea, vomiting, and abd pain and can
progress to __ edema, __ and death
Walden University
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype
would reveal which of the following? - -Answer: XXY
- A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the
autopsy report to describe this condition? - -Answer: Tetraploidy
- A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease.
Transmission of this disease is associated with: - -Answer: Delayed age of
onset
- A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the
cell would most of the genetic information be contained? - -Answer:
Nucleolus
- A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and
hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - -Answer:
Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
- A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The
nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is
determined by: - -Answer: Plasma proteins
- A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband,
what is the nurse looking for? - -Answer: The person who is first
diagnosed with a genetic disease
- A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is
the nurse's best response? - -Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
- A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy.
Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? -
-Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
- Addison's - -___ symptoms:
brownish hyperpigmentation of skin
diarrhea, nausea
hyponatremia d/t low aldosterone levels --> hyperkalemia
hypoglycemia d/t low cortisol
, low bp, risk for vascular collapse going into shock
- adrenal cortex - -outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol,
aldosterone, and sex hormones
- Aldosterone - -Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium
ions and water to regulate BP via angiotensin-aldosterone system,
retention of sodium and secretes potassium
- An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will
show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the
nurse explain to the aide? - -Answer: Expressivity
- anterior pituitary gland - -the anterior part of the pituitary gland; an
endocrine gland whose secretions are controlled by the hypothalamic
hormones
produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Anti-diuretic hormone - -aka Vasopressin
ADH is a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in
the posterior pituitary gland. It tells your kidneys how much water to
conserve.
ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood.
- aortic regurgitation - -(aortic insufficiency) incompetent aortic valve
that allows backward flow of blood from the aorta into left ventricle during
diastole
- aortic stenosis - -calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts
forward flow of blood during systole
narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle
to the ascending aorta during systole
- autoimmune - -Addison's disease is typically an ____ disorder where
the body is attacking the adrenal cortex on top of the adrenal gland
- calcium - -parathyroid glands responsible for regulating ___ levels.
- cardiac tamponade - -acute compression of the heart caused by fluid
accumulation in the pericardial cavity--> impairs cardiac filling leading to
low cardiac output.
- cerebral, coma - -DKA causes nausea, vomiting, and abd pain and can
progress to __ edema, __ and death
