NURS 611 – EXAM 1 WITH LATEST
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ (2024-
2025)
Nucleus - ANS-contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the
cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity
What 4 elements is DNA composed of? - ANS-1) deoxyribose
phosphate molecule
2) pyrimidine bases
3) purine bases
4) hydrogen bonds (stabilize the helix through large numbers)
what are Ribosomes? - ANS-RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
,What is the chief function of Ribosomes - ANS-Chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis
Golgi Complex - ANS--network of flattened, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell.
-Proteins from the ER are processed and packaged into small membrane-bound sacs or vesicles called
secretory vesicles.
- refining plant and directs traffic into the cell.
Lysosomes - ANS-maintain cellular health
- efficient removal of toxic cellular components
-if damaged, will release and cause AUTODIGESTION
-removal of useless organelles
- signals cellular adaptation
what do Peroxisomes contain? - ANS-hydrogen peroxide and other oxygen reactive species
What is the most common mood disoder? - ANS-depression with 16.2 prevalence rate
what age group does unipolar depression present - ANS-all age groups
what are risk factors for depression? - ANS-genetic component, multifactorial
what are the two primary symptoms of depression - ANS-sadness
lack of motiviation
what neurotransmitter is associated with depression? - ANS-serotonin
decreased excitatory neurotransmitters
what is the second most common mood disorder? - ANS-bipolar disorder
, what are the primary factors of bipolar disorder? - ANS-alternating depression and mania
Mitochondria - ANS-- responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
-THINK ATP (energy) - ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule.
- urea and heme synthesis
How does a virus get into a cell? - ANS--through trickery!
-attaches to the cell and release and enzyme to facilitate entrance to the cell
-also by bacteria and parasites
Diffusion - ANS-passive
process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
facilitated diffusion - ANS--needs help to enter the cell
- ex: insulin attaches to a receptor to let glucose in
Active transport - ANS--movement of a solute molecule from an area of low concentration to an area of
high concentration
- going against the gradient needs energy
What cells in our body cannot reproduce? - ANS-neurons, heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, red blood
cells
-they do not reproduce or transform, but some can be created by the body
Main types of cell death? - ANS-apoptosis and necrosis
apoptosis - ANS-a cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination of
unwanted cell populations
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ (2024-
2025)
Nucleus - ANS-contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the
cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, the histones, that regulate its activity
What 4 elements is DNA composed of? - ANS-1) deoxyribose
phosphate molecule
2) pyrimidine bases
3) purine bases
4) hydrogen bonds (stabilize the helix through large numbers)
what are Ribosomes? - ANS-RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
,What is the chief function of Ribosomes - ANS-Chief function of ribosomes is to provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis
Golgi Complex - ANS--network of flattened, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell.
-Proteins from the ER are processed and packaged into small membrane-bound sacs or vesicles called
secretory vesicles.
- refining plant and directs traffic into the cell.
Lysosomes - ANS-maintain cellular health
- efficient removal of toxic cellular components
-if damaged, will release and cause AUTODIGESTION
-removal of useless organelles
- signals cellular adaptation
what do Peroxisomes contain? - ANS-hydrogen peroxide and other oxygen reactive species
What is the most common mood disoder? - ANS-depression with 16.2 prevalence rate
what age group does unipolar depression present - ANS-all age groups
what are risk factors for depression? - ANS-genetic component, multifactorial
what are the two primary symptoms of depression - ANS-sadness
lack of motiviation
what neurotransmitter is associated with depression? - ANS-serotonin
decreased excitatory neurotransmitters
what is the second most common mood disorder? - ANS-bipolar disorder
, what are the primary factors of bipolar disorder? - ANS-alternating depression and mania
Mitochondria - ANS-- responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
-THINK ATP (energy) - ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule.
- urea and heme synthesis
How does a virus get into a cell? - ANS--through trickery!
-attaches to the cell and release and enzyme to facilitate entrance to the cell
-also by bacteria and parasites
Diffusion - ANS-passive
process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
facilitated diffusion - ANS--needs help to enter the cell
- ex: insulin attaches to a receptor to let glucose in
Active transport - ANS--movement of a solute molecule from an area of low concentration to an area of
high concentration
- going against the gradient needs energy
What cells in our body cannot reproduce? - ANS-neurons, heart cells, skeletal muscle cells, red blood
cells
-they do not reproduce or transform, but some can be created by the body
Main types of cell death? - ANS-apoptosis and necrosis
apoptosis - ANS-a cell death that is regulated or programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination of
unwanted cell populations
