Biology 117 Wvu Exam2, With 83 Questions & Answers
2024 ( A+ Graded 100% Verified)
1. endosymbiosis theory: the idea that mitochondria used to be their own species,
but were absorbed and ended up creating a beneficial relationship between the
mitochondria and the host cell
2. choanoflagellates: unicellular, live in colonies, reproductive cells have a single
flagellum
3. fungi: eukaryotic, unicellular are yeast, multicellular are networks of branching
filaments, multiple mating types, absorb nutrients from other organisms
4. mycellium: the network of branching filaments of fungi, below ground
5. hyphae: the filamentous structures that make up mushrooms, above ground structure
and root tips, broken into compartments by septa
6. mutualistic relationships: lichen, mycorrhizal fungi
7. mycorrhizal fungi: ROOTS
8. plasmogamy: fusion of the cytoplasm of two hyphae from different individuals
9. heterokaryotic mycelium: cells contain two haploid nuclei from different parents or
mating types (n+n)
10. karyogamy: fusion of nuclei from different mating types (2n)
11. 3 domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
12. Bacteria: -no nuclear envelope
-circular chromosomes
-simple organelles
-no DNA w/ histones
-unicellular
-peptidoglycan in cell wall
-Transduction, transformation, and conjugation
-Simple RNA polymerase; process interrupted by antibiotics
13. Archaea : -no nuclear envelope
-circular chromosomes
-DNA w/ histones
-no organelles
-unicellular
-no peptidoglycan in cell wall
-Transduction, transformation, and conjugation
-Complex (eukaryote-like) RNA polymerase; not affected by antibiotics
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, 14. Eukarya: -nuclear envelope
-linear chromosomes
-DNA w/ histones
-complex organelles
-multicellular
-no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
-Sexual reproduction/ fusion of gametes
-Several complex polymerases; not affected by antibiotics
15. Prokaryote :
16. Eukaryote :
17. Microbe :
18. Extremophiles :
19. Pahtogens :
20. Germ theory of disease :
21. Infectious disease :
22. Antibiotics :
23. Bioremdiation :
24. Thermophile :
25. Transformation : DNA is taken in from environment that's has been released by
lysed cells , incorporates DNA into plasmids/chromosomes
26. Transduction : viruses pick up DNA from one cell and transfer it to another cell
27. Conjugation : DNA transferred by direct cell-to-cell contact through the pili
28. Bacteria shapes and arrangements: Cocci-round
Bacilli-oval/rod shaped
Spirilla-curved or spiral
shaped diplo-two
staphylo-cluster strepto-
chains
29. Plasmids: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
30. Gram stain: A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of
bacterial cell walls.
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2024 ( A+ Graded 100% Verified)
1. endosymbiosis theory: the idea that mitochondria used to be their own species,
but were absorbed and ended up creating a beneficial relationship between the
mitochondria and the host cell
2. choanoflagellates: unicellular, live in colonies, reproductive cells have a single
flagellum
3. fungi: eukaryotic, unicellular are yeast, multicellular are networks of branching
filaments, multiple mating types, absorb nutrients from other organisms
4. mycellium: the network of branching filaments of fungi, below ground
5. hyphae: the filamentous structures that make up mushrooms, above ground structure
and root tips, broken into compartments by septa
6. mutualistic relationships: lichen, mycorrhizal fungi
7. mycorrhizal fungi: ROOTS
8. plasmogamy: fusion of the cytoplasm of two hyphae from different individuals
9. heterokaryotic mycelium: cells contain two haploid nuclei from different parents or
mating types (n+n)
10. karyogamy: fusion of nuclei from different mating types (2n)
11. 3 domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
12. Bacteria: -no nuclear envelope
-circular chromosomes
-simple organelles
-no DNA w/ histones
-unicellular
-peptidoglycan in cell wall
-Transduction, transformation, and conjugation
-Simple RNA polymerase; process interrupted by antibiotics
13. Archaea : -no nuclear envelope
-circular chromosomes
-DNA w/ histones
-no organelles
-unicellular
-no peptidoglycan in cell wall
-Transduction, transformation, and conjugation
-Complex (eukaryote-like) RNA polymerase; not affected by antibiotics
1/6
, 14. Eukarya: -nuclear envelope
-linear chromosomes
-DNA w/ histones
-complex organelles
-multicellular
-no peptidoglycan in the cell wall
-Sexual reproduction/ fusion of gametes
-Several complex polymerases; not affected by antibiotics
15. Prokaryote :
16. Eukaryote :
17. Microbe :
18. Extremophiles :
19. Pahtogens :
20. Germ theory of disease :
21. Infectious disease :
22. Antibiotics :
23. Bioremdiation :
24. Thermophile :
25. Transformation : DNA is taken in from environment that's has been released by
lysed cells , incorporates DNA into plasmids/chromosomes
26. Transduction : viruses pick up DNA from one cell and transfer it to another cell
27. Conjugation : DNA transferred by direct cell-to-cell contact through the pili
28. Bacteria shapes and arrangements: Cocci-round
Bacilli-oval/rod shaped
Spirilla-curved or spiral
shaped diplo-two
staphylo-cluster strepto-
chains
29. Plasmids: small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome
30. Gram stain: A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of
bacterial cell walls.
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