Hypertension is a prevalent and serious condition characterized by consistently
high blood pressure. It often has no symptoms but can lead to severe health
complications if left untreated. Management typically involves lifestyle
modifications and medication, with regular monitoring to prevent and address
potential complications.
CONTENTS
Hypertension
Definition
Types
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestation
Non-Pharmacological management
Pharmacological Management
HYPERTENSION
Definition
Hypertension (or high Blood Pressure, BP) is a common condition in
which the long-term force of the blood against artery walls is high
enough that it may eventually cause severe health complications mainly
related to heart disease. A condition in which the blood pressure of the
systemic artery increases beyond the normal pressure is known as
hypertension. Therefore, to deliver blood to tissues, the heart works
harder to overcome the increased systemic pressure. This increased
systemic arterial pressure puts strain on the heart and other arteries
that result in high blood pressure.
Types
, Depending on the causes, hypertension is of the following two types:
1) Primary (Essential) Hypertension: This is the most common type of
hypertension. About 90-95% cases of hypertension are recognised as
the cases of essential hypertension. There is no exact medical condition
that can explain the raised blood pressure; it is the result of a complex
multi-factorial disorder.
2) Secondary Hypertension: In this condition, the high blood pressure
results due to other diseases, e.g., tumours (adrenal adenoma or
pheochromocytoma), renal, endocrine, and cardiac disorders, etc.
3) Hypertension Crisis: It is a severe condition in which increased blood
pressure may lead to heart stroke. In this condition, blood vessels get
damaged due to increased systolic blood pressure (180mmHg or higher)
and increased diastolic pressure (120mmHg or higher). Thus, the heart
fails to pump blood effectively to the body.
Etiology
1) Primary or Essential Hypertension: The actual cause of this type of
hypertension is not known. The following factors may be considered as
a cause of primary hypertension:
1) Hyperactivity of sympathetic nerve stimulation
ii) Vasoconstriction due to release of vasoactive substances from
endothelial cells.
iii) Increase in cardiac output and arteriole constriction.
iv) Excessive sodium intake, sodium retention, and hyperinsulinemia.
v) Family history of hypertension.
2) Secondary or Non-essential Hypertension: This type of hypertension
occurs due to other diseases:
high blood pressure. It often has no symptoms but can lead to severe health
complications if left untreated. Management typically involves lifestyle
modifications and medication, with regular monitoring to prevent and address
potential complications.
CONTENTS
Hypertension
Definition
Types
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Manifestation
Non-Pharmacological management
Pharmacological Management
HYPERTENSION
Definition
Hypertension (or high Blood Pressure, BP) is a common condition in
which the long-term force of the blood against artery walls is high
enough that it may eventually cause severe health complications mainly
related to heart disease. A condition in which the blood pressure of the
systemic artery increases beyond the normal pressure is known as
hypertension. Therefore, to deliver blood to tissues, the heart works
harder to overcome the increased systemic pressure. This increased
systemic arterial pressure puts strain on the heart and other arteries
that result in high blood pressure.
Types
, Depending on the causes, hypertension is of the following two types:
1) Primary (Essential) Hypertension: This is the most common type of
hypertension. About 90-95% cases of hypertension are recognised as
the cases of essential hypertension. There is no exact medical condition
that can explain the raised blood pressure; it is the result of a complex
multi-factorial disorder.
2) Secondary Hypertension: In this condition, the high blood pressure
results due to other diseases, e.g., tumours (adrenal adenoma or
pheochromocytoma), renal, endocrine, and cardiac disorders, etc.
3) Hypertension Crisis: It is a severe condition in which increased blood
pressure may lead to heart stroke. In this condition, blood vessels get
damaged due to increased systolic blood pressure (180mmHg or higher)
and increased diastolic pressure (120mmHg or higher). Thus, the heart
fails to pump blood effectively to the body.
Etiology
1) Primary or Essential Hypertension: The actual cause of this type of
hypertension is not known. The following factors may be considered as
a cause of primary hypertension:
1) Hyperactivity of sympathetic nerve stimulation
ii) Vasoconstriction due to release of vasoactive substances from
endothelial cells.
iii) Increase in cardiac output and arteriole constriction.
iv) Excessive sodium intake, sodium retention, and hyperinsulinemia.
v) Family history of hypertension.
2) Secondary or Non-essential Hypertension: This type of hypertension
occurs due to other diseases:
