GCU BIO 210 Lecture Exam 1
Gross Anatomy/ Macroscopic anatomy - answersexamines large, visible structures
Surface Anatomy - answersexamines exterior features
Regional Anatomy - answersexamines body areas
Systemic Anatomy - answersExamines the groups of organs and how they work
together
Developmental Anatomy - answersExamines from egg (embryology) to maturity
Clinical Anatomy - answersexamines medical specialities
Microscopic Anatomy - answersexamines cells and molecules
Cytology - answersstudy of cells and their structures
Histology - answersstudy of living tissues and their structures
Cell Physiology - answersProcesses within and between cells
Organ Physiology - answersfunctions of specific organs
Systematic Physiology - answersfunctions of an organ system
Pathological Physiolgy - answersEffects of diseases
Six Levels of Structural Organization - answerschemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
, Homeostasis - answersa state of equilibrium; a process by which organisms maintain a
relatively stable internal environment:
2 methods- Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Intrinsic Regulation - answersLOCAL, automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to
an environmental change
Ex. The heart controls its own beat
Extrinsic Regulation - answersDISTANT, responses controlled by nervous and
endocrine systems to regulate organism homeostasis
Ex. The nervous system causes heartbeat to increase when in fight or flight mode
Maintaining Homeostasis - answersReceptor (Sensor):
- Responds to changes in the environment/stimuli
- Sends info to control center
Control Center (Integrator:
- Determines set point
- Analyzes Info
- Determines appropriate response
Effector:
- Provides a means for response to the stimuli
Negative Feedback - answersa mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
Ex. Thermoregulation and Blood sugar regulation
Positive Feedback - answersFeedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its
output.
Ex. Blood clotting and birth of a baby
Enzymes - answersProteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation
energy of a chemical reaction, ARE NOT CHANGED OR USED UP IN THE REACTION
Substrate - answersreactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Active Site - answersa region on an enzyme that the substrate binds to to activate the
enzyme
Cofactor - answersan ion or molecule that binds to an enzyme before substrates can
bind
Coenzyme - answersnonprotein organic cofactors (vitamins)
Isozymes - answers2 enzymes that can catalyze the same reaction
Gross Anatomy/ Macroscopic anatomy - answersexamines large, visible structures
Surface Anatomy - answersexamines exterior features
Regional Anatomy - answersexamines body areas
Systemic Anatomy - answersExamines the groups of organs and how they work
together
Developmental Anatomy - answersExamines from egg (embryology) to maturity
Clinical Anatomy - answersexamines medical specialities
Microscopic Anatomy - answersexamines cells and molecules
Cytology - answersstudy of cells and their structures
Histology - answersstudy of living tissues and their structures
Cell Physiology - answersProcesses within and between cells
Organ Physiology - answersfunctions of specific organs
Systematic Physiology - answersfunctions of an organ system
Pathological Physiolgy - answersEffects of diseases
Six Levels of Structural Organization - answerschemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ
system, organism
, Homeostasis - answersa state of equilibrium; a process by which organisms maintain a
relatively stable internal environment:
2 methods- Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Intrinsic Regulation - answersLOCAL, automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to
an environmental change
Ex. The heart controls its own beat
Extrinsic Regulation - answersDISTANT, responses controlled by nervous and
endocrine systems to regulate organism homeostasis
Ex. The nervous system causes heartbeat to increase when in fight or flight mode
Maintaining Homeostasis - answersReceptor (Sensor):
- Responds to changes in the environment/stimuli
- Sends info to control center
Control Center (Integrator:
- Determines set point
- Analyzes Info
- Determines appropriate response
Effector:
- Provides a means for response to the stimuli
Negative Feedback - answersa mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates
reactions that reduce the stimulus
Ex. Thermoregulation and Blood sugar regulation
Positive Feedback - answersFeedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its
output.
Ex. Blood clotting and birth of a baby
Enzymes - answersProteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation
energy of a chemical reaction, ARE NOT CHANGED OR USED UP IN THE REACTION
Substrate - answersreactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Active Site - answersa region on an enzyme that the substrate binds to to activate the
enzyme
Cofactor - answersan ion or molecule that binds to an enzyme before substrates can
bind
Coenzyme - answersnonprotein organic cofactors (vitamins)
Isozymes - answers2 enzymes that can catalyze the same reaction
