BIO 210 EXAM 1 questions with verified
answers
Gene expression - answersthe process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or; in some case, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead functions as RNAs
Ionic bonds - answersBonds that require donating and accepting electrons
Emergent properties - answersProperties of a complex system that are not present
within its parts but that emerge only when those parts are combined.
Natural selection - answersA process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits.
Electronegativity - answersis a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding
pair of electrons.
Polar covalent bond - answersa covalent bond between atoms that differ in
electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative
atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive
Anion - answersA negatively charged ion
Cation - answersA positively charged ion
Van der Waals interactions - answersvery weak interaction between molecules due to
temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together
hydrogen bonds - answersA type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly
positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the
slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Adhesion - answersAn attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion - answersAttraction between molecules of the same substance
Specific heat - answersThe measure of the heat energy required to increase the
temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.The
, amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1
degree Celsius
Evaporative cooling - answersThe process in which the surface of an object becomes
cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy
changing from the liquid to the gaseous state
Heat of vaporization - answersThe amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling
point to become a gas
Hydrocarbons - answersorganic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
cis/trans isomers - answersTrans- they are on opposite sides
Cis- they are on the same side
Enantiomers - answersIsomers that are mirror images of each other
adenosine triphosphate - answers-an energy containing compound made of nitrogen
component adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate group
polymer - answersa long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers
linked together by covalent bonds
monomers - answersA chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer.
Dehydration reactions - answerschemical reactions that involve the loss of water from
the reacting molecule
hydrolysis - answersBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of
water
carbohydrates - answerssimple sugars that can be broken down to release energy
monosaccharides - answerssimple sugars
starch - answersA storage polysaccharide found in the roots of plants and certain other
cells; a polymer of glucose.
glycosidic linkage - answersa covalent bond formed between two monosaccharaides by
a dehydration reaction.
polysaccharides - answersa polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration
reactions
glycogen - answersA form of stored blood sugar (glucose) typically derived from food;
stored in limited amounts in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain.
answers
Gene expression - answersthe process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or; in some case, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead functions as RNAs
Ionic bonds - answersBonds that require donating and accepting electrons
Emergent properties - answersProperties of a complex system that are not present
within its parts but that emerge only when those parts are combined.
Natural selection - answersA process in which individuals that have certain inherited
traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of
those traits.
Electronegativity - answersis a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding
pair of electrons.
Polar covalent bond - answersa covalent bond between atoms that differ in
electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative
atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive
Anion - answersA negatively charged ion
Cation - answersA positively charged ion
Van der Waals interactions - answersvery weak interaction between molecules due to
temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together
hydrogen bonds - answersA type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly
positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the
slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Adhesion - answersAn attraction between molecules of different substances
Cohesion - answersAttraction between molecules of the same substance
Specific heat - answersThe measure of the heat energy required to increase the
temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval.The
, amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1
degree Celsius
Evaporative cooling - answersThe process in which the surface of an object becomes
cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy
changing from the liquid to the gaseous state
Heat of vaporization - answersThe amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling
point to become a gas
Hydrocarbons - answersorganic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
cis/trans isomers - answersTrans- they are on opposite sides
Cis- they are on the same side
Enantiomers - answersIsomers that are mirror images of each other
adenosine triphosphate - answers-an energy containing compound made of nitrogen
component adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate group
polymer - answersa long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers
linked together by covalent bonds
monomers - answersA chemical subunit that serves as a building block of a polymer.
Dehydration reactions - answerschemical reactions that involve the loss of water from
the reacting molecule
hydrolysis - answersBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of
water
carbohydrates - answerssimple sugars that can be broken down to release energy
monosaccharides - answerssimple sugars
starch - answersA storage polysaccharide found in the roots of plants and certain other
cells; a polymer of glucose.
glycosidic linkage - answersa covalent bond formed between two monosaccharaides by
a dehydration reaction.
polysaccharides - answersa polymer of many monosaccharides, formed by dehydration
reactions
glycogen - answersA form of stored blood sugar (glucose) typically derived from food;
stored in limited amounts in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain.
