BIO 210C Anatomy Physiology Lecture
Exam 1with solved questions
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - answersAnatomy is the
study of structure and form
Physiology is the study of functions of the body parts
Anatomy is "what is it?"
Physiology is "what does it do?"
facilitated diffusion (passive transport) - answersmovement of molecules across a
membrane via transport proteins without energy from ATP hydrolysis
What are the different types of anatomy? - answersMicroscopic and Macroscopic
Microscopic Anatomy - answersstructures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology - study of cells
Histology - study of tissue
gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) - answersStudy of structures that CAN be seen
with the naked eye
systemic anatomy - answersstudies the anatomy of each functional body system
Regional Anatomy - answersExamines all of the structures in a particular region of the
body as a complete unit
surface anatomy - answersfocuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the
internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
comparative anatomy - answersexamines similarities and the differences in the
anatomy of different species
Embryology - answersthe discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring
from conception to birth
,pathological anatomy - answersexamines all anatomic changes resulting from disease
radiographic anatomy - answersinvestigates the relationships among internal structures
that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
Cardiovascular physiology - answersexamines the functioning of the heart, blood
vessels, and blood
Neurophysiology - answersexamines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous
system
reproductive physiology - answersExplores how the regulations of reproductive
hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and
maturation.
Pathophysiology - answersinvestigates the relationship between the functioning of an
organ system and disease or injury to that organ system
Characteristics of living things, what they are and what is the hierarchy? -
answersOrganisation - All organisms exhibit a complex structure and order
Metabolism - all organism
Organization levels - answersOrganism level
Organ System level
Organ Level
Tissue Level
Cellular Level
Chemical (or molecular) Level
The Chemical (or Molecular) Level of Organization - answers"Simplest" level;
atoms > Molecules
examples of molecules:
proteins, carbohydrates, DNA
cellular level of organization - answersMolecules form cells,
the smallest unit of life
tissue level of organization - answersSimilar cells performing specialized functions
organ level of organization - answersTwo or more tissues performing certain tasks
organ system level of organization - answersorgans working closely together for a
common purpose
, Respiratory System functions - answersExchange of gases
Urinary system functions - answersfilter blood, remove waste, form urine
Nervous System functions - answersregulatory system via electrical impulses
Muscular System functions - answersproduce movement
Reproductive system functions - answersproduce sex cells and hormones to procreate
Cardiovascular system functions - answersmove blood and material through the body
Endocrine System Functions - answersRegulatory system via chemicals (hormones)
Digestive system functions - answersbreak down and absorb nutrients, expel waste
skeletal system functions - answerssupport, blood cell production
lymphatic system functions - answerscollect fluid, initiate immune response
Integumentary system functions - answersprotection, regulation, sensations
Organism level of organization - answersMost Complex Level
Everything working together to maintain health and life
Affected by other levels
Homeostasis - answersThe presence of a stable internal environment
The adjustment of physiological systems in inconsistent and unpredictable
environments
If not maintained, leads to illness or death
-examples include hypothermia, diabetes, cancer
Variables of Homeostasis - answersBody Temperature
pH (acid/base)
Blood Sugar
Blood Pressure
Water
Hormone Levels
11 organ systems of the body - answersintegumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,
endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
integumentary system - answersOrgans:
skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails
Exam 1with solved questions
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - answersAnatomy is the
study of structure and form
Physiology is the study of functions of the body parts
Anatomy is "what is it?"
Physiology is "what does it do?"
facilitated diffusion (passive transport) - answersmovement of molecules across a
membrane via transport proteins without energy from ATP hydrolysis
What are the different types of anatomy? - answersMicroscopic and Macroscopic
Microscopic Anatomy - answersstructures too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology - study of cells
Histology - study of tissue
gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) - answersStudy of structures that CAN be seen
with the naked eye
systemic anatomy - answersstudies the anatomy of each functional body system
Regional Anatomy - answersExamines all of the structures in a particular region of the
body as a complete unit
surface anatomy - answersfocuses on both superficial anatomic markings and the
internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them
comparative anatomy - answersexamines similarities and the differences in the
anatomy of different species
Embryology - answersthe discipline concerned with developmental changes occurring
from conception to birth
,pathological anatomy - answersexamines all anatomic changes resulting from disease
radiographic anatomy - answersinvestigates the relationships among internal structures
that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
Cardiovascular physiology - answersexamines the functioning of the heart, blood
vessels, and blood
Neurophysiology - answersexamines how nerve impulses travel throughout the nervous
system
reproductive physiology - answersExplores how the regulations of reproductive
hormones can drive the reproductive cycle and influence sex cell production and
maturation.
Pathophysiology - answersinvestigates the relationship between the functioning of an
organ system and disease or injury to that organ system
Characteristics of living things, what they are and what is the hierarchy? -
answersOrganisation - All organisms exhibit a complex structure and order
Metabolism - all organism
Organization levels - answersOrganism level
Organ System level
Organ Level
Tissue Level
Cellular Level
Chemical (or molecular) Level
The Chemical (or Molecular) Level of Organization - answers"Simplest" level;
atoms > Molecules
examples of molecules:
proteins, carbohydrates, DNA
cellular level of organization - answersMolecules form cells,
the smallest unit of life
tissue level of organization - answersSimilar cells performing specialized functions
organ level of organization - answersTwo or more tissues performing certain tasks
organ system level of organization - answersorgans working closely together for a
common purpose
, Respiratory System functions - answersExchange of gases
Urinary system functions - answersfilter blood, remove waste, form urine
Nervous System functions - answersregulatory system via electrical impulses
Muscular System functions - answersproduce movement
Reproductive system functions - answersproduce sex cells and hormones to procreate
Cardiovascular system functions - answersmove blood and material through the body
Endocrine System Functions - answersRegulatory system via chemicals (hormones)
Digestive system functions - answersbreak down and absorb nutrients, expel waste
skeletal system functions - answerssupport, blood cell production
lymphatic system functions - answerscollect fluid, initiate immune response
Integumentary system functions - answersprotection, regulation, sensations
Organism level of organization - answersMost Complex Level
Everything working together to maintain health and life
Affected by other levels
Homeostasis - answersThe presence of a stable internal environment
The adjustment of physiological systems in inconsistent and unpredictable
environments
If not maintained, leads to illness or death
-examples include hypothermia, diabetes, cancer
Variables of Homeostasis - answersBody Temperature
pH (acid/base)
Blood Sugar
Blood Pressure
Water
Hormone Levels
11 organ systems of the body - answersintegumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous,
endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
integumentary system - answersOrgans:
skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails
