Clinical Pharmacology exam 1 with
complete solutions
Drug - ANSWER- any chemical that can affect living processes
Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs and their interactions with living
systems
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs in humans
Therapeutics ("Pharmacotherapeutics") - ANSWER- the use of drugs to diagnose,
prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy
Properties of an Ideal Drug - ANSWER- Effectiveness: most important property a
drug can have
Safety: drug cannot produce harmful effects
Selectivity: drug elicits only the response for which it is given
Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy - ANSWER- to provide maximum benefit
with minimum harm
Factors that Determine Intensity of Drug Responses - ANSWER- 1. Administration
- drug dose, route, timing
2. Pharmacokinetics - how much dose gets to site of action
3. Pharmacodynamics - impact of drugs on the body
4. Sources of Individual Variation - physiologic/pathologic/genetic variables
Rights of Medication Administration - ANSWER- Right drug, right dose, right
patient, right route, right time
others: right assessment, right documentation, right evaluation, right patient
education, right of patient to refuse care
, Application of Pharmacology in Patient Care - ANSWER- 1. Pre administration
assessment - baseline data
2. Dosage and administration - rights of administration
3. Evaluating therapeutic effects - rationale for treatment and other interventions
4. Minimize adverse effects - drug history
5. Minimize adverse interactions - note OTC drugs/multi drug use
6. Make PRN decisions - "as needed"
7. Managing toxicity - early identification/intervention
To Minimize Adverse Effects... KNOW - ANSWER- - major adverse effects of the
drug
- early signs that an adverse reaction is happening
- times when these reactions are going to occur
- interventions that can minimize discomfort
Patient Education of meds - ANSWER- drug name/category, dosage
size/schedule, route/technique of administration, expected responses, non drug
measures to enhance therapeutic responses, duration of treatment, drug storage,
symptoms of major adverse effects, major adverse drug-drug/drug-food
interactions, who to contact with bad reactions
Nursing process in Drug Therapy - ANSWER- Assessment: data collection
Analysis: nursing diagnosis (is the drug appropriate)
Planning: patient education, specific interventions
Implementation: drug administration
Evaluation: therapeutic responses, interactions
New Drug Development - ANSWER- Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
-Use of controls
-Randomization
-Blinding
Preclinical testing, Clinical Testing (Phase I-IV)
Drug Names - ANSWER- 1. Chemical Name
2. Generic Name
3. Trade Name
ex: Generic name (acetaminophen), Trade name (Tylenol)
Over the Counter Drugs (OTC) - ANSWER- drugs purchased without a
prescription
complete solutions
Drug - ANSWER- any chemical that can affect living processes
Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs and their interactions with living
systems
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSWER- study of drugs in humans
Therapeutics ("Pharmacotherapeutics") - ANSWER- the use of drugs to diagnose,
prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy
Properties of an Ideal Drug - ANSWER- Effectiveness: most important property a
drug can have
Safety: drug cannot produce harmful effects
Selectivity: drug elicits only the response for which it is given
Therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy - ANSWER- to provide maximum benefit
with minimum harm
Factors that Determine Intensity of Drug Responses - ANSWER- 1. Administration
- drug dose, route, timing
2. Pharmacokinetics - how much dose gets to site of action
3. Pharmacodynamics - impact of drugs on the body
4. Sources of Individual Variation - physiologic/pathologic/genetic variables
Rights of Medication Administration - ANSWER- Right drug, right dose, right
patient, right route, right time
others: right assessment, right documentation, right evaluation, right patient
education, right of patient to refuse care
, Application of Pharmacology in Patient Care - ANSWER- 1. Pre administration
assessment - baseline data
2. Dosage and administration - rights of administration
3. Evaluating therapeutic effects - rationale for treatment and other interventions
4. Minimize adverse effects - drug history
5. Minimize adverse interactions - note OTC drugs/multi drug use
6. Make PRN decisions - "as needed"
7. Managing toxicity - early identification/intervention
To Minimize Adverse Effects... KNOW - ANSWER- - major adverse effects of the
drug
- early signs that an adverse reaction is happening
- times when these reactions are going to occur
- interventions that can minimize discomfort
Patient Education of meds - ANSWER- drug name/category, dosage
size/schedule, route/technique of administration, expected responses, non drug
measures to enhance therapeutic responses, duration of treatment, drug storage,
symptoms of major adverse effects, major adverse drug-drug/drug-food
interactions, who to contact with bad reactions
Nursing process in Drug Therapy - ANSWER- Assessment: data collection
Analysis: nursing diagnosis (is the drug appropriate)
Planning: patient education, specific interventions
Implementation: drug administration
Evaluation: therapeutic responses, interactions
New Drug Development - ANSWER- Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
-Use of controls
-Randomization
-Blinding
Preclinical testing, Clinical Testing (Phase I-IV)
Drug Names - ANSWER- 1. Chemical Name
2. Generic Name
3. Trade Name
ex: Generic name (acetaminophen), Trade name (Tylenol)
Over the Counter Drugs (OTC) - ANSWER- drugs purchased without a
prescription
