Neuromuscular Control exam 1 kin 336 pt
2 exam with complete solutions
Factors that depolarize neurons - ANSWER- neurotransmitters, voltage, and
mechanical pressure (squeezing of the thing)
Why do the heads of lipids face both directions in the neuron membrane -
ANSWER- the heads are hydrophilic as in they like water
What about the tails of lipids in the neuron membrane - ANSWER- the tails of
lipids are hydrophobic as in they tend to stay away from water
What is required for a cell to have an action potential - ANSWER- Lots of Sodium
and Chloride with a small amount of potassium outside of the cell, on the inside
there must be a small amount of sodium, with lots of potassium, and a small
amount of chloride
What helps create the gradient for action potential - ANSWER- the sodium
potassium pump
Atp.
What is the transaction in sodium potassium pump - ANSWER- One ATP supplies
energy causing 3 sodium to go out and 2 potassium to come in
Diffusion potential - ANSWER- potential energy caused by by concentration
gradient
Resting membrane potential - ANSWER- diffusion potential and equilibrium
potential
Equilibrium potential - ANSWER- the voltage required to stop diffusion potential,
stop the flow of sodium and potassium
How do you figure out the equilibrium protentional for a given ion - ANSWER-
You use the Nernst Equation
, How do you figure out the potentional of the membrane at any point - ANSWER-
the GHK equation or goldman Hodgkin katz equation
Equilibrium potential voltage to stop sodium from flowing - ANSWER- +55mV
What is the equilibrium potential to stop potassium K from flowing into the cell -
ANSWER- -80mV
What is the equilibrium potential to stop Chloride Cl from flowing into the cell -
ANSWER- -60mV
What is the resting membrane potential - ANSWER- -70mV
Which ion determines the resting membrane potential number - ANSWER- K+
potassium because it is the highest therefore the resting membrane potential is
closest to it
What does opening the sodium channel do - ANSWER- -it will raise the membrane
potential to 55+, -currently flow will increase in the cell
-Conduction would increase in cell
What does opening the chloride channel do - ANSWER- -lower the membrane
potential
-current will increase bc the channel is open -move the membrane potential
towards neg60mV
EPSP happen from what - ANSWER- graded potentials happen from other
neurons and cause little blips
What is the Trigger zone - ANSWER- the point at which the graded potential
summate and where a action potential will occur if the voltage threshold will be
reached
Depolarization - ANSWER- Increase in action potential
bringing something from a very negative or polar state back to 0 or neutral, the
cell depolarizes from -70mV to 30mV and the action potential is released and then
repolarizes
Repolarization - ANSWER- Decrease in action potential
going back to that extreme polar state or -70mV
2 exam with complete solutions
Factors that depolarize neurons - ANSWER- neurotransmitters, voltage, and
mechanical pressure (squeezing of the thing)
Why do the heads of lipids face both directions in the neuron membrane -
ANSWER- the heads are hydrophilic as in they like water
What about the tails of lipids in the neuron membrane - ANSWER- the tails of
lipids are hydrophobic as in they tend to stay away from water
What is required for a cell to have an action potential - ANSWER- Lots of Sodium
and Chloride with a small amount of potassium outside of the cell, on the inside
there must be a small amount of sodium, with lots of potassium, and a small
amount of chloride
What helps create the gradient for action potential - ANSWER- the sodium
potassium pump
Atp.
What is the transaction in sodium potassium pump - ANSWER- One ATP supplies
energy causing 3 sodium to go out and 2 potassium to come in
Diffusion potential - ANSWER- potential energy caused by by concentration
gradient
Resting membrane potential - ANSWER- diffusion potential and equilibrium
potential
Equilibrium potential - ANSWER- the voltage required to stop diffusion potential,
stop the flow of sodium and potassium
How do you figure out the equilibrium protentional for a given ion - ANSWER-
You use the Nernst Equation
, How do you figure out the potentional of the membrane at any point - ANSWER-
the GHK equation or goldman Hodgkin katz equation
Equilibrium potential voltage to stop sodium from flowing - ANSWER- +55mV
What is the equilibrium potential to stop potassium K from flowing into the cell -
ANSWER- -80mV
What is the equilibrium potential to stop Chloride Cl from flowing into the cell -
ANSWER- -60mV
What is the resting membrane potential - ANSWER- -70mV
Which ion determines the resting membrane potential number - ANSWER- K+
potassium because it is the highest therefore the resting membrane potential is
closest to it
What does opening the sodium channel do - ANSWER- -it will raise the membrane
potential to 55+, -currently flow will increase in the cell
-Conduction would increase in cell
What does opening the chloride channel do - ANSWER- -lower the membrane
potential
-current will increase bc the channel is open -move the membrane potential
towards neg60mV
EPSP happen from what - ANSWER- graded potentials happen from other
neurons and cause little blips
What is the Trigger zone - ANSWER- the point at which the graded potential
summate and where a action potential will occur if the voltage threshold will be
reached
Depolarization - ANSWER- Increase in action potential
bringing something from a very negative or polar state back to 0 or neutral, the
cell depolarizes from -70mV to 30mV and the action potential is released and then
repolarizes
Repolarization - ANSWER- Decrease in action potential
going back to that extreme polar state or -70mV
