NCM 109 - Newborn with special needs
exam with complete solutions
What are the complications of prematurity? - ANSWER- A. Anemia
B. Kernicterus
C. Persistent patent ductus arteriosus
D. Periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH)
E. Respiratory distress syndrome
F. Apnea
G. Retinopathy of prematurity
Why are premature babies have anemia? - ANSWER- - Anemia is due to non-
production of RBC by the bone marrow.
- Due to increases RBC destruction because of low level of vit E.
- Due to inability to immature kidney to produce erythropoietin.
When is RBC produced in bone marrow, as per gestational age? - ANSWER- 32
weeks
What is BMA? - ANSWER- Bone marrow aspiration
What is kernicterus? - ANSWER- Destruction of brain cells due to indirect
bilirubin invasion.
What is the difference of physiologic and pathologic jaundice? - ANSWER-
[magbasa ka]
What are possible treatments for kernicterus? - ANSWER- - Phototherapy
- Blood transfusion
- Vit E and Iron through preterm formula.
When should the Ductus Aretiosus close? - ANSWER- DA must be closed within
12-24 hours after birth and completely sealed after 3 weeks.
, What is the function of surfactant in the lungs? - ANSWER- Lessens surface
tension in the lungs.
What is the ratio of LS? - ANSWER- 2 is to 1.
At what gestational age does surfactant develop? - ANSWER- 24 to 32 weeks
What is PVH-IVH? - ANSWER- Bleeding into ventricles in the brain and
surrounding tissue due to fragile capillaries.
What can PVH-IVH lead to? - ANSWER- - Hydrocephalus
- Life long neurological deficits, (cerebral palsy, dev delay, and seizures)
Why is the post term newborn problematic? - ANSWER- Because the placenta
can only function effectively for 40 weeks. (it loses it's ability to carry nutrients to
the fetus.)_
What is post term syndrome? - ANSWER-
Assessment finding for post term infants. - ANSWER- - Dry, cracked leather-like
skin/poor skin turgor
- Vernix is absent
- Less amount of amniotic and maybe meconium-stained
- Long fingernails
- Light in weight because of weight loss due to poor placental function.
- May have difficulty of establishing respiration
- There could be hypoglycemia
- Difficulty in thermoregulation
- Polycythemia
Why is there difficulty of establishing respiration in post term infants? -
ANSWER- Meconium aspiration
How are postterm diagnosed? - ANSWER- - Ultrasound
- Nonstress test
How does nonstress test reveal postterm diagnosis? - ANSWER- It reveals poor
placental functioning.
exam with complete solutions
What are the complications of prematurity? - ANSWER- A. Anemia
B. Kernicterus
C. Persistent patent ductus arteriosus
D. Periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH)
E. Respiratory distress syndrome
F. Apnea
G. Retinopathy of prematurity
Why are premature babies have anemia? - ANSWER- - Anemia is due to non-
production of RBC by the bone marrow.
- Due to increases RBC destruction because of low level of vit E.
- Due to inability to immature kidney to produce erythropoietin.
When is RBC produced in bone marrow, as per gestational age? - ANSWER- 32
weeks
What is BMA? - ANSWER- Bone marrow aspiration
What is kernicterus? - ANSWER- Destruction of brain cells due to indirect
bilirubin invasion.
What is the difference of physiologic and pathologic jaundice? - ANSWER-
[magbasa ka]
What are possible treatments for kernicterus? - ANSWER- - Phototherapy
- Blood transfusion
- Vit E and Iron through preterm formula.
When should the Ductus Aretiosus close? - ANSWER- DA must be closed within
12-24 hours after birth and completely sealed after 3 weeks.
, What is the function of surfactant in the lungs? - ANSWER- Lessens surface
tension in the lungs.
What is the ratio of LS? - ANSWER- 2 is to 1.
At what gestational age does surfactant develop? - ANSWER- 24 to 32 weeks
What is PVH-IVH? - ANSWER- Bleeding into ventricles in the brain and
surrounding tissue due to fragile capillaries.
What can PVH-IVH lead to? - ANSWER- - Hydrocephalus
- Life long neurological deficits, (cerebral palsy, dev delay, and seizures)
Why is the post term newborn problematic? - ANSWER- Because the placenta
can only function effectively for 40 weeks. (it loses it's ability to carry nutrients to
the fetus.)_
What is post term syndrome? - ANSWER-
Assessment finding for post term infants. - ANSWER- - Dry, cracked leather-like
skin/poor skin turgor
- Vernix is absent
- Less amount of amniotic and maybe meconium-stained
- Long fingernails
- Light in weight because of weight loss due to poor placental function.
- May have difficulty of establishing respiration
- There could be hypoglycemia
- Difficulty in thermoregulation
- Polycythemia
Why is there difficulty of establishing respiration in post term infants? -
ANSWER- Meconium aspiration
How are postterm diagnosed? - ANSWER- - Ultrasound
- Nonstress test
How does nonstress test reveal postterm diagnosis? - ANSWER- It reveals poor
placental functioning.
