TEST BANK for Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of
Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition & 15th Edition
by Hinkle
The two centers in the brain that are responsible for the neurologic control of
ventilation are? - ANSWER: A pneumatic center (lower pons)
Pneumotaxic center
(Upper pons)
The alveoli begin to lose elasticity at about age____
Years, resulting in decreased gas diffusion. - ANSWER: 50
The lungs are enclosed in a serous membrane called the? - ANSWER: Pleura
The left lung, in contrast to the right lung has? - ANSWER: One less lobe
The division of the lung proceed in the following order, beginning at the mainstem
bronchi: - ANSWER: Lobar bronchi
Segmented bronchi
Subsegmented bronchi
Bronchioles
What are the alveolar cells that secrete surfactant? - ANSWER: Type II cells
Gas exchange between the lungs and blood and between the blood and tissues is
called? - ANSWER: Respiration
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation is known
as? - ANSWER: Expiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume, which may not significantly change with disease, has a normal value of
approximately ____mL? - ANSWER: 1000
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the alveoli into the blood occurs
by? - ANSWER: Diffusion
The pulmonary circulation is considered a___________,___________ - ANSWER:
High-pressure,
high resistance system
The symbol used to identify the partial pressure of oxygen is? - ANSWER: Pa02
, Distinguish between the terms ventilation and respiration. - ANSWER: Ventilation
refers to the movement of air in and out of airways.
Respiration refers to gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood and between
blood and the cells of the body
Describe the function of the epiglottis. - ANSWER: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage
that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing.
List four conditions that cause low compliance or distensibility of the lungs. -
ANSWER: Low or decreased compliance occurs with certain pathology. Answer
should include four of the following: morbid obesity, atelectasis, pneumothorax,
Hemothorax, pulmonary fibrosis or edema, pleural effusion, ARDS.
Define the term partial pressure. - ANSWER: Partial pressure is the pressure exerted
by each type of gas.
List six major signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. - ANSWER: Answers should
include six of the following: dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain,
wheezing and hemoptysis, tachypnea, hypoxia.
List four conditions that are influenced by genetic factors that affect respiratory
function. - ANSWER: Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Explain the breathing pattern characterized as Cheyne-Stokes respirations. -
ANSWER: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by alternating episodes of
apnea and periods of deep breathing. It is usually associated with heart failure and
damage to the respiratory center.
What is the purpose of cilia? - ANSWER: Cilia moves the mucus back to the larynx
What are the four common phenomena that can alter bronchial diameter? -
ANSWER: Streptococcus pneumonie
Haemophilus influenza
Staphylococcus aureus
Moraxella catarrhalis
What is the difference between diffusion and pulmonary perfusion? - ANSWER:
Diffusion is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the air-blood interface.
Pulmonary perfusion is the actual flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation.
Because a bronchoscopy was ordered, the nurse knows that the suspected lesion
may be located where? - ANSWER: In the bronchus, larynx, or trachea
The nurse is preparing the patient for a bronchoscopy. What interventions by the
nurse are required prior to the procedure? - ANSWER: Supplying information about
the procedure, withholding food and fluids for at least 6 hours, ensuring that
informed consent is obtained
Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition & 15th Edition
by Hinkle
The two centers in the brain that are responsible for the neurologic control of
ventilation are? - ANSWER: A pneumatic center (lower pons)
Pneumotaxic center
(Upper pons)
The alveoli begin to lose elasticity at about age____
Years, resulting in decreased gas diffusion. - ANSWER: 50
The lungs are enclosed in a serous membrane called the? - ANSWER: Pleura
The left lung, in contrast to the right lung has? - ANSWER: One less lobe
The division of the lung proceed in the following order, beginning at the mainstem
bronchi: - ANSWER: Lobar bronchi
Segmented bronchi
Subsegmented bronchi
Bronchioles
What are the alveolar cells that secrete surfactant? - ANSWER: Type II cells
Gas exchange between the lungs and blood and between the blood and tissues is
called? - ANSWER: Respiration
The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation is known
as? - ANSWER: Expiratory reserve volume
Tidal volume, which may not significantly change with disease, has a normal value of
approximately ____mL? - ANSWER: 1000
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide from the alveoli into the blood occurs
by? - ANSWER: Diffusion
The pulmonary circulation is considered a___________,___________ - ANSWER:
High-pressure,
high resistance system
The symbol used to identify the partial pressure of oxygen is? - ANSWER: Pa02
, Distinguish between the terms ventilation and respiration. - ANSWER: Ventilation
refers to the movement of air in and out of airways.
Respiration refers to gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood and between
blood and the cells of the body
Describe the function of the epiglottis. - ANSWER: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage
that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing.
List four conditions that cause low compliance or distensibility of the lungs. -
ANSWER: Low or decreased compliance occurs with certain pathology. Answer
should include four of the following: morbid obesity, atelectasis, pneumothorax,
Hemothorax, pulmonary fibrosis or edema, pleural effusion, ARDS.
Define the term partial pressure. - ANSWER: Partial pressure is the pressure exerted
by each type of gas.
List six major signs and symptoms of respiratory disease. - ANSWER: Answers should
include six of the following: dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain,
wheezing and hemoptysis, tachypnea, hypoxia.
List four conditions that are influenced by genetic factors that affect respiratory
function. - ANSWER: Asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Explain the breathing pattern characterized as Cheyne-Stokes respirations. -
ANSWER: Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by alternating episodes of
apnea and periods of deep breathing. It is usually associated with heart failure and
damage to the respiratory center.
What is the purpose of cilia? - ANSWER: Cilia moves the mucus back to the larynx
What are the four common phenomena that can alter bronchial diameter? -
ANSWER: Streptococcus pneumonie
Haemophilus influenza
Staphylococcus aureus
Moraxella catarrhalis
What is the difference between diffusion and pulmonary perfusion? - ANSWER:
Diffusion is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the air-blood interface.
Pulmonary perfusion is the actual flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation.
Because a bronchoscopy was ordered, the nurse knows that the suspected lesion
may be located where? - ANSWER: In the bronchus, larynx, or trachea
The nurse is preparing the patient for a bronchoscopy. What interventions by the
nurse are required prior to the procedure? - ANSWER: Supplying information about
the procedure, withholding food and fluids for at least 6 hours, ensuring that
informed consent is obtained
